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- The trend continues...
- 7.7
- Although there are “only” five pages of Products Available this month
- (cf eleven pages last month) there are going to be a large number of new
- products launched at the Acorn User Show (preview on page 69). Only
- about half of the exhibitors have so far responded to my request for
- news but, from them, we have almost two pages of forthcoming products −
- and only a brief description of each product is given.
- 7.7
- As you can see from the list below of articles that didn’t make it into
- this issue, Archive is growing, too.
- 7.7
- I hope you will come and see us at the Acorn User Show (stand 119) − I
- think you will be very pleased with the special offers we have for you
- there − more details next month.... Watch this space!
- 7.7
- Growth is the watchword in the Acorn world at the moment. Hope you enjoy
- it!
- 7.7
- Products Available
- 7.7
- • A5000 with larger drives − The 4Mb A5000 now has a 210Mb drive
- instead of a 160Mb drive and the price has not changed − still £1699 inc
- VAT.
- 7.7
- • Acorn Access − The plug-and-go Ethernet system from Acorn, was
- described in Archive last month. The prices have now been finalised.
- There are three versions: AEH70 for A5000 and older computers that take
- standard size podule, AEH71 which is plug-in version for A3020/4000
- (i.e. it does not take up the podule slot) and AEH 72 for the A3000
- which is an internal mini-podule. They are all the same price − £145
- +VAT or £162 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Acorn Level 4 Fileserver − The price of the new version has now been
- set at £399 +VAT or £430 through Archive. The upgrade from earlier
- versions is available from Acorn Direct in Wellingborough for £99 +VAT
- if you send the original disc.
- 7.7
- • Advantage is a new spreadsheet for education from Longman Logotron.
- It aims to provide, at a budget price, all the key features to perform
- straight forward calculations, data analysis and basic charting. Its
- range of “intuitive and easy-to-use functions include: advanced point
- and click user interface with button chart, formulae produced by typing
- = and then clicking and dragging cells as required, print-to-fit
- allowing the sheet to be fitted automatically onto the appropriate page
- size, display of data as pie, area, column, line and scatter charts.
- Advantage costs £49 +VAT for single user (£55 through Archive) or £120
- and £190 for primary and secondary site licences (£132 and £207 through
- Archive).
- 7.7
- • ArcFax 1.10 − A new version of ArcFax (original version reviewed in
- Archive 6.5 p65) is now (just about) available. Extra features include:
- two dimensional data compression (i.e. sends faxes faster); Twain
- compliant which allows material to be scanned in directly; supports
- class 8 voice modems which allows the computer to act as an answering
- machine and a fax switch; it can merge faxes, hold and release, auto-
- print, auto-forward faxes; it has log file window, direct send/receive
- with call option, caller ID support, call-barring, debug display, auto-
- send after time and one call multi-fax capability. ArcFax 1.10 costs £35
- from David Pilling or £33 through Archive. (David admits that 1.10 is
- still not 100% robust, so you may still wish to buy the 1.09 version
- which costs on £22 through Archive and upgrade later through David for
- £12 plus your original disc − this includes a new manual.)
- 7.7
- We have at last got round to sorting out a suitable fax modem to sell
- through Archive and are stocking (and using!) the World Port 14,400 (see
- page 6) so you can now buy a complete system with modem, software and
- cable, knowing that they will all work together! Ed.
- 7.7
- • Augusta Course − A new course is now available for Virtual Golf. 4th
- Dimension have released Augusta in which “ball flight and performance
- are accurately compensated to simulate local atmospheric conditions.”
- This costs £16.95 from 4th Dimension or £16 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Bitfolio Graphics − LOOKSystems have renegotiated their licence on
- Bitfolio Graphics (see the review on page 7) and have reduced the price
- from £30 to £20 inclusive through Archive. The conclusion to the review
- is that they are “very good value” and that was when the reviewer
- thought that the price was £30!
- 7.7
- • BCPL compiler − The ARM Club have the source code of a BCPL compiler
- that was released into the public domain about 6 months or so ago. This
- disc costs £1 from the ARM Club.
- 7.7
- • Canon printer prices down − Canon have reduced the prices of their
- three mono inkjets. The new Archive prices, with (and without)
- TurboDriver, are: BJ10SX £255 (£215), BJ200 £320 (£280), BJ230 £390
- (£350). The BJ10SX is the replacement for the BJ10EX. It is faster in
- text mode but basically the same as the EX.
- 7.7
- • CardShop − This is a design application produced by Clares Micro
- Supplies and is aimed at younger children. It allows them to design
- greetings cards for Christmas, birthday, Easter, Mother’s Day, etc. You
- can create and manipulate your card containing both pictures and text,
- print out and construct an envelope including a row of ‘stamps’.
- CardShop doesn’t generate a single finished product but a series of
- items that require cutting out / assembly and possibly colouring − this
- is to give the children a wider range of associated activities. It comes
- complete with a range of images, sprites and borders for you to use.
- CardShop costs £24.95 inclusive from Clares or £23 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Coloured toner for LBP4/8 − We have had requests for colour toner
- cartridges for laser printers. We looked into it and although Canon say
- they don’t recommend the use of colour toners in mono printers (even
- though they do in photocopiers − draw your own conclusions!) there is
- one supplier in the States who does them. They are not cheap and the UK
- importer admits that the colours are limited in range and not wonderful
- in quality! All the coloured toner cartridges are £120 each instead of
- around £80 for black. For the LBP4, the only colour is brown but it is
- apparently a good strong colour but for the LBP8 there is Green, Blue,
- Red and Brown (of these, the red is said to be the least effective).
- We’ll put them on the Archive Members’ Price List but if we get no
- interest this month, we will take them off again. (If anybody does try
- them, perhaps they would write and tell us how good they are. Thanks.
- Ed.)
- 7.7
- • David Pilling software − Several items produced by David Pilling are
- no longer available and have been removed from the Archive price list.
- Also, all the programs that were £6 have gone up to £10. Even so, we
- still feel that they are very good value for money.
- 7.7
- • Design Processor from Oak Solutions is an “integrated design
- environment” aimed at Key Stages 3 and 4 for “IT Design & Making”. It
- has three distinct levels of entry. The first is a suite of CAD-type
- packages and related applications, the second is a Design & Technology
- database to inform pupils about components and processes and the third
- is a database concept which includes not only components and design
- elements but also complete projects. Design Processor currently covers
- areas including Food, Electronics, Environments and Packaging but the
- cost of a site licence for Design Processor, £900 +VAT, includes three
- years’ worth of updates to the system. Payments can be made by
- instalments − details from Oak Solutions.
- 7.7
- • EdScheme − Lambda Publications have had to end their offer of a free
- copy of the EdScheme software with each copy of the Schemer’s Guide − it
- was too much of a bargain! However, they are prepared to offer a free
- book with each copy of the software. Send them a cheque for £45 with the
- order and your Archive subscription number. This represents a saving of
- £17.50.
- 7.7
- • Eizo monitors − A new 17“ Eizo monitor, the F552, has appeared as a
- replacement for the F550iW. Although it is virtually the same price
- (£1080 through Archive) and has the same display quality, it has several
- advantages over the older monitor. On-screen display is used to simplify
- the adjustments by providing a menu-driven display complete with help
- function. In standby mode, it has a lower power consumption than the
- F550. It has a Moiré pattern control to reduce the interaction between
- the computer’s dot pattern and the monitor’s dot pattern. Finally, it
- uses intelligent switching between inputs. This means that you can have
- two computers connected to the monitor at the same time and whichever is
- providing a signal gets displayed. Eizo also say that it has been
- designed for even better reliability than the F550. (I would say that’s
- a bold claim as I have never known an F550 to go wrong! Ed.)
- 7.7
- • Ergo Keyboards − The special offer we had last month of Ergo
- keyboards at £105 instead of £120 is continuing for another month
- because the volume of orders for them is so high. When the volume of
- orders drops, they will have to go back to £120. The feedback we have
- had about them so far has echoed Brian Cowan’s comments last month (page
- 49). One point to note about these keyboards is that, unlike standard
- Acorn keyboards, the Ergos work properly on the A4 portable computers.
- 7.7
- Also, Castle have produced an A3000 adaptor (£40 +VAT from Castle
- Technology) which allows the standard Ergo keyboards to be connected to
- the A3000 via the mouse connector. It includes a small circuit board
- that has to be fitted inside the A3000 but it needs no soldering.
- 7.7
- Finally, Castle are also now able to supply foreign keyboards for 13
- different countries − details from Castle Technology.
- 7.7
- • Fortran 77 − Intelligent Interfaces are now able to distribute
- Acorn’s !SrcEdit with the Fortran compiler. This means that the
- throwback facility will now be available to all purchasers of the
- compiler. The Fortran77 compiler costs £99 +VAT from Intelligent
- Interfaces or £110 through Archive and the desktop front-end,
- !Fortran77, costs £25 +VAT or £28 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Genesis Project + Genesis Professional − These new versions of
- Genesis are now available (well they should be, by the time you get this
- magazine) from Oak Solutions. Both have been developed to take full
- advantage of the colour cards now available and the “newly announced
- VIDC chip”. They are based on a 24-bit colour model and can represent
- over 16 million colours. Both can deal with a range of data types
- including Artworks files, Replay films and even .BMP files from the
- Windows environment. There are various other new features which Paul
- Hooper will deal with in his column but one of the most important is the
- increase in loading speed − “up to ten times faster”.
- 7.7
- Genesis Project costs £50 +VAT (£55 through Archive) and Genesis
- Professional costs £120 +VAT (£132 through Archive). There are upgrades
- available through Oak Solutions: Genesis/Genesis Plus to Project £35
- +VAT, Genesis/Genesis Plus to Professional £90 +VAT and Genesis II to
- Professional £60 +VAT.
- 7.7
- • I/O card − Intelligent Interfaces have produced a 16-bit I/O card for
- the Archimedes. It provides two separate 16-bit input/output ports, each
- port being programmable as either input or output, and each with two
- handshake lines. More details are given in the review on page 71. The
- 16-bit I/O card costs £200 +p&p +VAT from Intelligent Interfaces or £230
- through Archive.
- 7.7
- • KernPlus is PTW Software’s kerning data editor. It allows you to
- generate RISC OS 3 fonts by providing an automatic algorithm for quick
- conversion of old RISC OS 2 fonts as well as a manual facility for
- editing the kerning data. The price is £15 which includes VAT, site
- licence and free upgrades to new versions of the software.
- 7.7
- • Landscapes is a PhotoBase CD from Longman Logotron with more than
- 2000 high quality colour photographic images illustrating aspects of the
- natural and man-made environment. The images cover topics including
- architecture, economic activity, infrastructure, geography and nature.
- Landscapes costs £49 +VAT or £54 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Larger − This is a pinboard program with lots of extra features
- beyond the one supplied with RISC OS 3. It has a virtual desktop (hence
- the name, Larger, I presume) to give you more desktop space, backdrop
- organisation and enhanced iconisation controls. It costs £10 inclusive
- from Warm Silence Software and comes with unlimited free upgrades (on
- receipt of a disc and SAE each time). Larger will work on a floppy-disc
- system but is really intended for use with a hard disc.
- 7.7
- • PC card software upgrade − Acorn have released PC Card software with
- enhancements that now make it easier to run DOS or Windows software
- simultaneously with RISC OS. Existing owners of Acorn PC cards and
- A4000/PC card systems can obtain the enhanced software free of charge by
- returning the original Acorn PC card software disc, and Windows driver
- where supplied, along with their name and address in an envelope clearly
- marked ‘PC card upgrade’ to: Customer Services, Acorn Computers Ltd,
- Acorn House, Vision Park, Histon, Cambridge CB4 4AE.
- 7.7
- • PinPoint 2 − This new version of Longman Logotron’s well-established
- database program now has two new question types, one for holding
- pictures or sound data and a calculated field type which allows
- questions to be defined which fill themselves in from other information
- entered elsewhere on your form. The import of information is “faster,
- easier and more flexible”. For example, it can import a CSV file and
- create a form for you automatically. PinPoint 2 has dispensed with the
- graphics analysis workbench − instead, all the statistical and graphing
- options work directly from the table view. There are more chart types,
- together with crosstab analysis and more powerful statistical analysis
- tools. Pinpoint 2 costs £99 +VAT from Longman or £108 through Archive
- for a single user or £400 +VAT (£435 through Archive) for a site
- licence.
- 7.7
- • PinPoint Datafiles − Longman Logotron have a series of datafiles for
- use in education. They are: Solar System (KS 3/4), Food Glorious Food
- (KS 2/3), Junior Olympics (KS 2/3), 1851 Census (KS 3/4), Dinosaurs (KS
- 2/3), Animal Kingdom (KS 2/3), Second World War (KS 3/4), Kartei
- (German) (KS 3/4). Each is £12 +VAT from Longman Logotron.
- 7.7
- • Plot − Clares have released what they describe as “the most flexible
- data manipulation and presentation package yet”. It provides a range of
- facilities from simple pie and bar charts to illuminated surface plots
- and will plot functions as well. For the advanced user, it can do linear
- regression, least squares and curve fitting plus calculus operations “at
- the click of a mouse”. Features include: scatter graphs, spherical
- graphs, cylindrical graphs, surface plots, ternary diagrams; Cartesian,
- parametric, polar, Lissajous, 3D Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and
- surface functions; graphs can be merged and intercepts calculated to
- solve simultaneous equations; SID file import. Plot costs £79.95
- inclusive from Clares or £74 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Plotter is a graphic plotting application for the Pocket Book. It
- plots mathematical functions such as Cartesian and polar functions,
- inequality graphs and coordinate pairs. It can be used in conjunction
- with Calc, providing a specialist graphical calculator. It comes on SSD
- and costs £29.95 +VAT or £34 through Archive. A class pack of 11 copies
- costs £299.50 +VAT or £335 through Archive.
- 7.7
- • Removable drive prices cut (again) − The prices of the 105Mb 3½“ and
- the 45Mb 5¼” removable drives have dropped quite substantially this
- month. The A5000 105M SCSI is down to £390, with the IDE version at
- £360. The external SCSI 105Mb drives are now £470.
- 7.7
- (I know this is tempting fate, but since I started using the 105Mb
- removables in October − that’s five months using them all day, every day
- − I haven’t had a single data error! Ed)
- 7.7
- The 45Mb (external) drives are down to £370 and the cartridges to £70.
- 7.7
- (As a matter of interest, when we first sold the 45Mb removables in
- October 1990, they were £680 − and the previous month, one company was
- selling them at £749 +VAT = £880! Ed.)
- 7.7
- • Spooler − Clares Micros have produced a desktop print spooler which
- allows you to print to disc so that you can continue working as the
- printing is done in the background. It will even allow you to start
- doing other work while the print-to-disc part of the operation is in
- progress. You can queue documents ready for printing and change the
- number of copies quite easily. Spooler costs £15 inc VAT from Clares or
- £14 through Archive. There is a site licence available for £30 inc VAT
- (£28 through Archive).
- 7.7
- • SPOT image data − Spacetech are making data available from the SPOT
- land-mapping satellite at very low prices − to educational
- establishments only − in the form of a CD-ROM containing 50 images. Some
- scenes are full-size (60km square) and down to 10 metre resolution while
- others are sub-scenes selected for geographical interest and relevance
- to the Geography syllabus. Because some of the images are very large
- (50Mb+), SpaceTech have written an application called PDSmap to simplify
- the extraction of full-resolution image data or to view the whole image
- at reduced resolution. PDSmap costs £19.50 +VAT and the CD-ROM is
- £139.50 +VAT to education only, i.e. only for non-commercial use. There
- are various package prices available from SpaceTech for this and other
- data on CD-ROM − write to them for full details.
- 7.7
- We asked last month for a replacement for the now discontinued Morley
- Teletext adaptor and here it is...
- 7.7
- • Teletext expansion card − Design IT have just produced TeleView
- Hardware, the first Teletext expansion card designed specifically for
- the Archimedes. The software provided is a fully RISC OS compliant
- application called !TeleCFax which allows you to select channels, hold
- pages or reveal hidden text, etc. Pages can be saved as sprites, BBC
- mode 7 screens or as ‘clean’ ASCII text where any graphics have been
- filtered out. It is also possible to create script files to
- automatically download pages and you can even set the computer’s time
- via Teletext. !TeleCFax will also correctly display pages received in
- foreign languages including German, French and Swedish.
- 7.7
- There are two variants of the card. The first will receive teletext only
- and costs £145 +VAT (or £165 inclusive through Archive). The second is
- £159 +VAT (or £180 through Archive) and provides connections for
- composite video and sound suitable for ‘walkman’ headphones. This allows
- you to listen to the TV, use a digitiser to grab live images or use the
- computer to record TV programmes to a video recorder that will not
- normally receive TV signals.
- 7.7
- The TeleView hardware is a half-width card suitable for use in the A310,
- A4xx and A5000 computers. A version for the A3000 is also available
- although at the time of writing the versions for the A3010, A3020 and
- A4000 series are not yet ready. The system is fully compatible with both
- RISC OS 2 and RISC OS 3. A version of the TeleCFax software for use with
- Morley Electronics adapters is also available for £25 +VAT (£28 through
- Archive).
- 7.7
- Teletext serving for Econet, AUN and Access networks will be available
- “in a couple of months”.
- 7.7
- • WordSquare − This program from David Pilling allows word squares to
- be solved and generated at random or from a given list of words. It is
- supplied with a 200,000 word dictionary. Multiple/user defined
- dictionaries can be added and dictionaries can be edited or browsed and
- words added. The dictionaries are compatible with Ovation. You can save
- the word square as a drawfile and the words as text. WordSquare costs
- £10 inc VAT through Archive.
- 7.7
- • World Port 14,400 fax/data modem − We are now stocking a fax/data
- modem that can provide a “one-stop shop” way into getting fax facilities
- on your Archimedes. The WorldPort 14,400 fax/data modem is actually a
- pocket-sized modem so you could operate it from batteries and use it
- with an A4 Portable but it comes with a mains power pack so you don’t
- have to worry about batteries running out in the middle of a long fax!
- The modem is compatible with V22 bis, V23, V32, V32 bis, V54, Bell 103,
- Bell 212A, MNP and the fax facility is compatible with TIA/EIA-578
- (Class 1 Asynchronous), V17, V29, V27 ter and V21. To the average end-
- user (like Ed!) this just means that it sends and receives faxes (using
- ArcFax £22 or ArcFax 1.20 £33 − see above) and you can log on to various
- bulletin boards at up to 14,400 and down to 1200/75 (V23) with
- appropriate software. (I use ArcComm but Hearsay or ArcTerm are equally
- suitable.) The complete modem pack costs £270 through Archive and this
- includes two 9V alkaline batteries, fax software and modem software for
- using it on an MS-DOS PC and an AT compatible cable. The AT cable is no
- good for the Archimedes and the plugs are sealed so you would have
- difficulty modifying it. An Archimedes lead costs £13 through Archive.
- 7.7
- (To be honest, the reason we got going on fax modems is that I have
- moved my office upstairs at 96a and was getting very fed up with running
- up and down stairs to send faxes so I picked this modem on the basis of
- price and features and have been extremely pleased with it. The system
- with ArcFax works beautifully in that I send a fax and if the number is
- engaged, ArcFax tries again later while I get on with my work − it all
- happens in the background. Ed.)
- 7.7
- Review software received...
- 7.7
- We have received review copies of the following: •Advantage (e),
- •Augusta Course for Virtual Golf (g), •Basic WIMP Programming (bk),
- •Music Box (e), •Night Sky (e), •Payroll Manager (b),
- •PenFriend (u), •Switch (g), •WordSquare (e/g).
- 7.7
- e=Education, b=Business, bk=Book, g=Game, h=Hardware, l=Language,
- u=Utility, a=Art.
- 7.7
- If you would like to review any of these products, please contact the
- Archive office. Potential reviewers will need to show that they would
- use the product in a professional capacity or that they have some
- knowledge of the particular field. A
- 7.7
- Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
- spiritual health.
- 7.7
- Do you listen to the radio much? When I hear interviews, I sometimes
- wonder how much they have been edited. How much of what was actually
- said has been edited out before it is played over the air? I’m sure
- that, in the wrong hands, edited radio interviews could be quite
- misleading.
- 7.7
- When I speak to people about the Christian faith, I often get something
- along the lines of, “You don’t have to go to church to be a Christian −
- just follow Jesus’ teaching.” Well, yes, there is an element of truth in
- that − it certainly isn’t going to church that makes you a Christian.
- But when I ask what “teaching” they follow, the reply is often something
- like, “Well, I obey the ten commandments and Jesus’ summary of it: Love
- thy neighbour as thyself”. Sounds reasonable, doesn’t it?
- 7.7
- Hang on a minute! Someone has edited the tape. The interview actually
- went like this (Matthew 22 v35): One of them, an expert in the law,
- tested him with this question: “Teacher, which is the greatest
- commandment in the Law?” Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with
- all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is
- the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love
- your neighbour as yourself.’”
- 7.7
- Is it really fair to say that you keep Jesus’ teaching? Do you really
- “love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and
- with all your mind”? When was the last time you actually talked to God?
- Was it the last time you had an emergency?
- 7.7
- The Christian ethic is a very good and helpful one and I’d be quite
- happy if more people followed it... but don’t kid yourself, following
- the Christian ethic and having “a belief in God” doesn’t make you a
- Christian.
- 7.7
- What would your wife think if you said you loved her and believed in
- her... but the only time you ever talked to her was when you wanted
- something?!
- 7.7
- Paul Beverley
- 7.7
- P.B.
- 7.7
- Fact-File
- 7.7
- (The numbers in italic are fax numbers)
- 7.7
- 4th Dimension P.O. Box 4444, Sheffield. (0742-700661) (0742-781091)
- 7.7
- 4Mation 14 Castle Park Road, Whiddon Valley, Barnstaple, Devon, EX32
- 8PA.
- 7.7
- (0271-25353)
- 7.7
- Abacus Training 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts, SN2
- 6QA.
- 7.7
- Acorn Direct 13 Dennington Road, Wellingborough, Northants, NN8 2RL.
- (0933-228953)
- 7.7
- Acorn Computers Ltd Acorn House, Vision Park, Histon, Cambridge, CB4
- 4AE. (0223-254254)
- 7.7
- (0223-254262)
- 7.7
- Apricote Studios 2 Purls Bridge Farm, Manea, Cambridgeshire, PE15 0ND.
- (0354-680432)
- 7.7
- Castle Technology Ore Trading Estate, Woodbridge Road, Framlingham,
- Suffolk, IP13 9LL.
- 7.7
- (0728-621222) (0728-621179)
- 7.7
- Clares Micro Supplies 98 Middlewich Road, Rudheath, Northwich,
- Cheshire, CW9 7DA.
- 7.7
- (0606-48511) (0606-48512)
- 7.7
- Colton Software (p13) 2 Signet Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge, CB5 8LA.
- (0223-311881)
- 7.7
- (0223-312010)
- 7.7
- Computer Concepts (pp14/33) Gaddesden Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts,
- HP2 6EX. (0442-63933)
- 7.7
- (0442-231632)
- 7.7
- Dalmation Publications 30 Henley Grove, Henleaze, Bristol, BS9 4EG.
- 7.7
- Datafile 71 Anson Road, Locking, Weston-super-Mare, Avon, BS24 7DQ.
- 7.7
- (0934-823005)
- 7.7
- David Pilling P.O.Box 22, Thornton Cleveleys, Blackpool, FY5 1LR.
- 7.7
- Davyn Software The Workshop, off Princess Street, Sandal, Wakefield,
- WF1 5NY.
- 7.7
- (0924-254800)
- 7.7
- Design Concept 30 South Oswald Road, Edinburgh, EH9 2HG. (031-668-
- 2000)
- 7.7
- Design IT 15 Woodlands Road, Wombourne, South Staffs, WV5 0JZ. (0902-
- 894775) (0902-894775)
- 7.7
- EMR Ltd 14 Mount Close, Wickford, Essex, SS11 8HG. (0702-335747)
- 7.7
- Expressive Software Products Holly Tree Cottage, Main Street, Strelley
- Village, Nottingham, NG8 6PD. (0602-295019)
- 7.7
- GamesWare Unit 26, The Bartletts, Hamble, Hants., SO35 5RP.
- (0703−456523) (0703−456523)
- 7.7
- Gremlin Graphics Ltd Carver House, 2-4 Carver Street, Sheffield, S1
- 4FS. (0742-753423)
- 7.7
- (0742-768581)
- 7.7
- Intelligent Interfaces Ltd P.O.Box 80, Eastleigh, Hants, SO5 5YX.
- (0703-261514) (0703-267904)
- 7.7
- Irlam Instruments 133 London Road, Staines, Middlesex TW18 4HN. (0895-
- 811401)
- 7.7
- Krisalis Software Teque House, Mason’s Yard, Downs Row, Moorgate,
- Rotherham, S60 2HD. (0709-372290)
- 7.7
- Lambda Publications 194 Cheney Manor Road, Swindon SN2 2NZ. (0793-
- 695296)
- 7.7
- Longman Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge
- CB4 4ZS.
- 7.7
- (0223-425558) (0223-425349)
- 7.7
- LOOKsystems 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich, NR5 9AY. (0603-
- 748253)
- 7.7
- (0603-764011)
- 7.7
- Matt Black P.O.Box 42, Peterborough, PE1 2TZ. (0733-315439)
- 7.7
- Norfolk IT Team Norfolk County Inset Centre Witard Road Norwich NR7
- 9XD. (0603-33276)
- 7.7
- Oak Solutions (p21) Dial House, 12 Chapel Street, Halton, Leeds, LS15
- 7RN (0532-326992)
- 7.7
- (0532-326993)
- 7.7
- Oregan Developments 36 Grosvenor Avenue, Streetly, Sutton Coldfield,
- B74 3PE.
- 7.7
- PTW Software 72 Frosthole Crescent, Fareham, Hampshire, PO15 6BG.
- (0329-281930)
- 7.7
- Quantum Software 35 Pinewood Park, Deans, Livingston, EH54 8NN. (0506-
- 411162 after 6)
- 7.7
- Risc Developments 117 Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts, AL1 4JS. (0727-
- 840303) (0727-860263)
- 7.7
- Robico Software 3 Fairland Close, Llantrisant, Mid Glamorgan, CF7 8QH.
- (0443-227354)
- 7.7
- Safesell Exhibitions (p22) Market House, Cross Road, Tadworth, Surrey
- KT20 5SR.
- 7.7
- Sherston Software Swan Barton, Sherston, Malmesbury, Wilts. SN16 0LH.
- (0666-840433)
- 7.7
- (0666-840048)
- 7.7
- Spacetech 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset, DT5 2EA. (0305-822753)
- (0305-860483)
- 7.7
- Stallion Software Ltd Arundel House, Arundel Road, Camden, Bath, BA1
- 5JX. (0225-339090)
- 7.7
- State Machine 75 Wellington Street, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 5AA.
- (0582-483377)
- 7.7
- (0582-480833)
- 7.7
- Superior Software P.O. Box 6, Brigg, S Humberside, DN20 9NH. (0652-
- 658585) (0652-657807)
- 7.7
- Techsoft UK Ltd Old School Lane, Erryrs, Mold, Clwyd, CH7 4DA. (082-
- 43318)
- 7.7
- Tekoa Graphics 16 Murray Road, Rugby, CV21 3JN. (0788-571434) (0788-
- 546376)
- 7.7
- The ARM Club Freepost ND6573, London, N12 0BR. (081-446-3020)
- 7.7
- Topologika P.O. Box 39, Stilton, Peterborough, PE7 3RL. (0733-244682)
- 7.7
- USARC Spuistraat 73, 1012 ST Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (+31-20-
- 381534)
- 7.7
- Warm Silence Software St Catherine’s College, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1
- 3UJ. (0865-54382)
- 7.7
- Wild Vision 15 Witney Way, Boldon Colliery, Tyne & Wear NE35 9PE.
- (091-519-1455) (091-519-1929)
- 7.7
- Archive Monthly Program Disc Contents
- 7.7
- • Rhapsody files provided by Stewart Watson (Music Column)
- 7.7
- • A sample program from Francis Crossley’s article about Writing a
- Program
- 7.7
- • Programs from Paul Hobbs’ Advanced Basic article
- 7.7
- • A sample Magpie file (especially for Trekkies!) by Paul Hooper
- (Magpie/Genesis Column)
- 7.7
- • Some notes on setting up !Printers by James Munday plus printer
- drivers for Epson FX85
- 7.7
- • The DrawFile module as mentioned in Comment Column
- 7.7
- • The full unexpurgated version of Richard Torrens’ article on
- Electronic CAD − it was rather long so we only gave a summary in the
- magazine.
- 7.7
- Bitfolio Cartoon Graphics
- 7.7
- Dave Wilcox
- 7.7
- Bitfolio Cartoon Graphics is a new offering from LOOKsystems consisting,
- as the title suggests, of cartoon drawings, converted from the PC world.
- 7.7
- The package
- 7.7
- The package consists of three discs presented very nicely in a double CD
- type case adapted to carry 3½“ discs. Disc one contains !Sparkplug, the
- PD read only version of the archiver by David Pilling, along with a
- compressed file containing your first 35 pictures and discs 2 and 3 each
- contain a further 28 and 38 pictures respectively, also archived via
- Spark. For Archimedes users unfamiliar with !Sparkplug, there are
- instructions on the rear of the case taking you through its use. When
- decompressed, this gives you a grand total of some 3.2Mb of data.
- 7.7
- The drawings
- 7.7
- A large proportion of the drawings are office orientated, with sketches
- of men and women performing version types of office work. There are
- smaller selections of drawings covering different professions, sports
- and pastimes.
- 7.7
- All of the 100 drawings are fully coloured and in draw format − not
- sprites. The quality is very good, with all of the drawings, without
- exception, sharing the same high standard. One slight improvement to the
- disc would be to have all drawings saved at the zoom setting of 1:1 −
- for some reason, a large number have been saved to the discs at a zoom
- of 4:1 but this is only a minor inconvenience.
- 7.7
- An example of the quality and clarity can be seen below:
- 7.7
- This one appeals to me, as I am sure it will to all other “music-on-
- hold” haters − I’ll let you think of your own thought bubbles for this
- one! Personally, I think the expression says it all. Excellent!
- 7.7
- Conclusion
- 7.7
- With clipart of this standard, you are getting very good value for
- money, especially when you consider that PC or Mac users would be paying
- double this price for the same product − serves them right for not
- buying Acorn! If you have a need for cartoon-type drawings of people,
- this package is for you. It certainly beats trying to draw them
- yourself.
- 7.7
- This three disc set is available direct from LOOKSystems for £30
- inclusive, or through Archive for the inclusive price of £28. A
- 7.7
- (The price has just gone down to £20 inclusive of VAT & carriage! Ed.)
- 7.7
- Pocket Book Column
- 7.7
- Audrey (& John) Laski
- 7.7
- As a committed Pocket Book user, not technically-minded myself but with
- an expert spouse, I am very happy to have the opportunity to run a
- column devoted to this marvellous little machine. I’ve written a good
- deal of it myself today, with John’s help, but hope in future that the
- material will be chiefly from other users’ letters.
- 7.7
- Please send letters direct to me in future, (Audrey Laski, 18 Ebury
- Street, London, SW1W OLU) rather than via Paul, giving as full a
- description as possible of your problems or successes. Mind you, in view
- of the pressure on space in Archive, I’ll often fillet or precis. I’ll
- try to pass on whatever other people might find useful, wants lists,
- news and reviews about software, etc.
- 7.7
- A short love letter
- 7.7
- “Well, it’s only another executive toy, isn’t it?” said my brother-in-
- law dismissively.
- 7.7
- He looked slightly more thoughtful once he had seen the address book
- (150 entries and rising) the budget, the four sets of lecture notes, the
- almost perpetual diary and a few of the other goodies I have constructed
- or acquired, all stored within an object the height and breadth of a
- Filofax but much slimmer.
- 7.7
- I have needed the Pocket Book all my life and it is slightly sad that it
- has only come along when I am retired from the administrative work that
- it would have made so much easier. I feel something like affection for
- it, compounded by the fact that, when it is first opened, a faint,
- agreeable smell drifts up from it: do other users experience this, or am
- I just besotted?
- 7.7
- A warning
- 7.7
- I don’t know whether it was an electrical spike or what, but the Pocket
- Book died on me when I was in the middle of a simple act of editing,
- with the power supply operational to save batteries. With my technical
- advisor out of the house, I flailed about, switching everything in sight
- off and on, and either I performed a soft reset in my panic, or the
- spike had already forced one.
- 7.7
- When I looked at the desktop, I had got back all my original
- applications and files, but seemed to have lost Schedule. It took some
- time and hysteria to realise that it needed to be separately reinstalled
- on the desktop screen, with its icon and button set up the way it first
- was. The procedure is detailed on p.153 of the Users’ Manual; if you
- don’t want to hunt for your copy, press <menu> when you have the desktop
- display, choose ‘install application’, and do what you are told.
- 7.7
- To my relief, not only did Schedule come back like a lamb, but so did
- the schedules that were running my life; they had been securely held in
- M:\SCH, the directory Schedule uses.
- 7.7
- A couple of days later, I tried to use the A-Link and found the system
- claiming that the Pocket Book was not connected; again, it took me a
- little while to notice the fact that, presumably as another effect of
- the reset, I no longer had the Remote Link constantly set to “On” and at
- the right baud rate. A more efficient user than me would have thought of
- dealing with that immediately, I’m sure, but I record these alarms for
- the sake of those who, like me, tend to expect the machines to do our
- thinking for us. (A-Link guide pp. 4ff., or choose ‘Remote Link’ in the
- Special Menu on the desktop.)
- 7.7
- A hardware problem
- 7.7
- David Leckie, of Fort William, writes of a difficulty connecting his A-
- Link to his Archimedes via an extension cable. It appears that v2.03
- doesn’t like the non-standard Archimedes wiring of his extension cable,
- though this is believed to be ‘the de facto standard for all A series
- from the earliest A310 to the latest A5000, and even though later
- machines had a different serial chip which worked OK with the PC
- standard wiring.’
- 7.7
- Perhaps someone out there knows how to wire an extension cable which
- will work with old and new standard peripheral hardware: maybe a switch?
- 7.7
- Using the A-Link
- 7.7
- The A-Link’s documentation can be confusing, particularly for users of
- Schedule and Event (see Ralph Sillett’s problem below). This memo from
- JL attempts an overview of the A-Link organisation.
- 7.7
- 1) If you click <select> at the A-link’s iconbar icon, you can transfer
- files of certain types only, i.e. files for certain intended uses. In
- such a transfer, not only is the ‘container’ (file) in the Pocket Book
- transferred to a ‘container’ on the Archimedes, (or vice-versa,) but the
- contents are transformed from a structure that makes sense to the Pocket
- Book programs into a structure that makes sense to RISC OS programs.
- 7.7
- 2) If you click on <menu> at the A-link’s iconbar icon, and then choose
- “Open ‘$’”, you will get an ordinary looking Directory viewer titled
- PocketFS:: Remote.$, containing drives M, A and B. Within these drives
- are directories with three letter names, e.g. ‘WRD’ or ‘SCH’. These are
- the default directories for the various Pocket Book applications, and
- some (not including SCH) are recognised by the A-link software using (1)
- above. However, files in directories have a three-letter extension and
- this also must accord with the application’s requirements. If a file has
- the wrong extension, the application and the display can’t see it and
- (1) won’t work.
- 7.7
- However, ordinary dragging from these directories into ordinary
- Archimedes directories only takes the file over, without in any way
- transforming the contents. It is most unlikely that such files can be
- used, or even looked at on the Archimedes. The only useful thing you can
- do with them is hold them in the Archimedes as backup files that you can
- transfer back to the Pocket Book if you need to.
- 7.7
- In order that they be useful on the Archimedes, they need to be
- filetyped, and there has to be a program that can accept the contents in
- Pocket Book format, or you need a program that can transform the
- contents so that some other program can accept them. In this latter
- case, e.g. Event, there has to be a third program that will reverse the
- effect of the first if you want to take your work back to the Pocket
- Book.
- 7.7
- All this is done for you by method (1) above − for certain kinds of
- contents: those of Card, Word and Abacus. There is a suggestion in the
- documentation that modules can be written to extend this, but they give
- no specification as to the rules of the game or, lamentably, how to find
- out.
- 7.7
- (There is a question about PipeDream to Pocket Book transfers in the
- PipeLinez Column on page 62. Ed.)
- 7.7
- Schedule and Event
- 7.7
- Ralph Sillett of Penkridge, Staffs, another enthusiast who has replaced
- 1 lb. 10 oz. of Filofax with 12 oz. of Pocket Book, wrote with a problem
- about transferring files between Schedule and Event. By the time I had
- acquired Event, he had solved his problem himself, but his enquiry
- prompted a lot of correspondence from the other side of our bed, some
- about easing the relationship between Schedule and Event, and some about
- the issues discussed above.
- 7.7
- Dragging to Event from a file in the \SCH directory is straightforward:
- click <menu> and choose ‘$’, as described in (2) above, to find the \SCH
- directory.
- 7.7
- However, if you save as EvSch from Event into this directory, you will
- find that Schedule can’t find EvSch and, indeed, that you can’t see it
- in the Pocket Book desktop.
- 7.7
- Don’t Panic! The file is there. The problem is that it has the wrong
- extension. You need to change the extension from .ris to .sch.
- Unfortunately, the Pocket Book documentation on its filing system almost
- hides the extensions from the user, and Event’s documentation, referring
- to the Pocket Book documentation, does little to lift the veil.
- 7.7
- You can’t find out about these extensions from the RemoteFS windows that
- you see on the Acorn Desktop through the A-link. Nor are they shown on
- the normal Pocket Book window. You have to press <tab> on the Pocket
- Book and find your way round the filing system. Once you have got to the
- \SCH directory, you will see the extensions, and the Pocket Book’s menus
- make it very easy to rename EvSch.ris to EvSch.sch. Schedule will then
- stop disdaining its new file, and you will see it on the Pocket Book
- desktop.
- 7.7
- Schedule wish list
- 7.7
- What Schedule really needs is a way to print from a Schedule file,
- either within the Pocket Book, or via Archimedes. It would be nice to be
- able to export Schedule files as text in such a way that they make sense
- to the reader, and can be printed out. Again, a specification of how
- Schedule holds its information, which would be needed to do this, does
- not seem to be readily available. You can, of course, transfer your file
- into Event, but not everyone will want to acquire a second diary
- program.
- 7.7
- General wish list
- 7.7
- Mr. Sillett suggests a program to provide password protection as with
- the Psion 3 and 3A. What would you like to see? A
- 7.7
- Hints and Tips
- 7.7
- • A4 battery pack − There may be people who are worried about the idea
- suggested in Hints and Tips last month, p35, of allowing the battery
- pack of an A4 laptop to be run completely flat. Let me reassure you − I
- used to race radio-controlled model cars which were powered by the same
- type of Nickel Cadmium battery and serious model car racers always store
- the battery packs completely flat, for weeks on end, precisely to avoid
- the ‘memory effect’ mentioned. There is nothing worse than the car
- running out of juice on the last lap − especially when you are in the
- lead! The only point to mention is that the discharging should be done
- as slowly as possible for the best results. Paul Hobbs, Germany.
- 7.7
- • A-Link disconnection − The A-Link cable can be disconnected from the
- Pocket Book (or Psion 3) without powering down. However, the computer
- end must never be disconnected while the computer is on because the
- serial port is quite sensitive. NCS.
- 7.7
- • A-Link/Psion 3a compatibility − Acorn confirm that for the majority
- of uses, A-Link will transfer files between a RISC OS system and a Psion
- 3a. One area where compatibility is not assured is with some formulae
- when transferring a spreadsheet file converted from 3a format to CSV.
- NCS.
- 7.7
- • CC Turbo Driver and a printer switch − The Computer Concepts Turbo
- Driver which I bought to go with the Stylus, achieves its protection by
- “scrambling” the output to the parallel port, and unscrambling it with a
- special cable. I was afraid that I would not be able to use my printer
- switch to flip between the Stylus, driven by the Turbo, and my old
- (cheaper-to-run) LQ850, driven conventionally. Happily, it seems that
- the Turbo Driver, once it is installed, even though it may not be
- active, scrambles everything that goes through the parallel port. So,
- providing that the “unscrambling” cable is between the Archimedes and
- the printer switch, all is well. Bill Mapleson, Cardiff.
- 7.7
- • CC’s RISC OS 3 printer drivers − For ages, I had problems with CC’s
- RISC OS 3 printers drivers for Laser Direct (at work) and the BJ10
- TurboDriver (at home). They both complained that they didn’t like one of
- my fonts (Freestyle that I use for my “signature”) and suggested I
- switched “Quick Text off”. Unfortunately, unlike the RISC OS 2 drivers,
- neither of these printer drivers has any configuration that is anything
- to do with “Quick Text”.
- 7.7
- CC themselves couldn’t tell me what the problem was or why it gave the
- error or what I could do about it! Dave McCartney of DataFile came to
- the rescue. (Thanks, Dave.) All you have to do is switch “Halftone” to
- “Graphics only”. This is done by going through Printer Control, through
- Printers Configure and then the Halftone Set. option. If you want to
- continue to avoid halftones on text, remember to Save Choices. Ed.
- 7.7
- • Epson Stylus and RISC OS 2 − I recently bought an Epson Stylus 1000,
- a superb printer, able to take A3 paper “broadside”, but I found that I
- could not get it to work properly under RISC OS 2. The problem was
- solved once I had installed RISC OS 3.1. If anyone desperately wants to
- make a Stylus work under OS 2, I can supply a work-around for printing
- in text mode, but not in graphics mode. I imagine that the same would
- apply equally to the (A4) Stylus 800, and there is some evidence that it
- might not work under OS 3.0.
- 7.7
- First thing after switching on the Stylus, send a non-printing character
- to the printer by going to the command line (f12) and pressing <ctrl-B>,
- <ctrl-L> and <ctrl-C> (and <return> to get back to the desktop). Then
- all will be well for text printing except that I suspect things might
- hang before the end of a very long file − more than 32Kb or 64Kb. I say
- this because, in graphics mode, it hangs after about 32Kb, and in Hex
- Dump mode, it hangs after printing exactly 64K ASCII codes. (64Kb is the
- default size of the input buffer of the Stylus.)
- 7.7
- The logic behind this is that the Stylus seems to need a pause between
- the first and second character that it receives. Thus, immediately after
- switching the printer on, typing at the command prompt (after hitting
- <ctrl-B>) sends everything perfectly to the printer − although it will
- wait until it has a few dozen characters before it will deign to
- disgorge any from its buffer. On the other hand, if you program a
- function key with a string of characters, switch on the printer, press
- <ctrl-B>, and hit the function key (so that there are microseconds
- rather than milliseconds between the characters) this will block the
- connection: if the string is sent repeatedly, the Archimedes will
- eventually lock, presumably with its output buffer full. If you then
- press <escape> to clear the buffer, and start hitting the function key
- again, all will be well. However, if the first character of the string
- was different from the second, you will see that the first character is
- printed twice so that the printer received the one character but then
- refused to accept any more. Alternatively, if you send a file to the
- printer (first thing after switching on) the printer and Archimedes will
- lock. If you then abort the print on the Archimedes, and re-print, all
- will be well − but with the first character of the file appearing twice.
- 7.7
- Why all this should be so, and why Risc OS 3.1 should solve the problem
- is a mystery; but I suspect that Acorn are aware of it because, in the
- ReadMe file in “Printers.Canon” on the RISC OS 3.1 App2 disc, there is a
- mention that, under Risc OS 3.00 or earlier, the Canon BJC-800 printer
- will not print anything larger than about 7K “(the size of the buffer in
- the BJC-800 printer)”. Bill Mapleson, Cardiff.
- 7.7
- • Equasor − One of our customers recently experienced strange problems
- using Equasor. The crosshairs that are used to place the caret when ‘New
- Equation’ is selected from the Edit submenu simply locked when select
- was clicked rather than disappearing to leave the caret. Equasor
- continued to run and the crosshairs were erased when anything was
- redrawn over the equasor window. It was impossible to create an
- expression.
- 7.7
- The problem was due to the configuration options for WimpDragDelay and
- WimpDragMove both being set to zero. Presumably Equasor saw the mouse-
- click event as a drag rather than a click and did not know how to
- behave. With these set to the default values (5 and 32 respectively) or
- any other non-zero values, the caret appeared as expected. NCS
- 7.7
- • Impression date format − The hint last month (p37) about date and
- time formats for Impression Style actually applies to Impression II as
- well. Simply use Impression$DateFormat and Impression$ TimeFormat.
- Colin Singleton, Sheffield.
- 7.7
- • Incorporating formulae into Impression text − For quite some time, I
- have been miffed at the trouble I had fitting formulae (both Equasor and
- BestForm) into my mathematical texts. Only the intensive work needed to
- get thoroughly acquainted with the new Impression Style caused me to sit
- down and think about formulae. (Shame on me − such a lot of time
- wasted!)
- 7.7
- As there may be one or two amongst you with the same problems, so here
- is what I found out:
- 7.7
- a) Size… − I used to have to scale the view to something like 400%, then
- change the size of the characters inside the Equasor window by adjust-
- dragging, until it equalled that of the main text.
- 7.7
- What I should have done is this: Either use the same font size in
- Equasor as in Impression, then make sure that the graphic frame is at
- 100% (this can be checked by double-clicking somewhere in the frame,
- thus opening the “Alter Graphics” dialogue box) or, if the Equasor
- setting is larger, scale the graphics down numerically, again with the
- help of the dialogue box.
- 7.7
- b) Position… − If you embed a small frame containing a formula into the
- text with <ctrl-shift-F>, the text inside the frame will sit above the
- line, because the alignment takes place between the bottom of the frame
- and the line. Therefore I used to place formulae on the page manually,
- which meant that every change to the text above the frame made a new
- positioning necessary.
- 7.7
- Here is what I should have done: Embed the frame, put the caret just to
- the left of it, then use the manual kerning facility to shift the frame
- down with repeated presses of <ctrl-J>. Then all that’s left to do is
- put the caret to the right of the frame and press <ctrl-U> the same
- number of times to bring the rest of the line back up. Jochen
- Konietzko, Köln, Germany
- 7.7
- • Inspiration on RISC OS 3 − I have found out how to get the MIDI
- sequencer ‘Inspiration’ to work with RISC OS 3.10. Basically, all you do
- is to load both of the template files into a template editor and ensure
- that the ‘Sprite’ option is switched off for all icons. This results in
- a lot of blank icons in the templates, but at least it doesn’t give
- address exceptions whenever you click anything. The writers of the
- program abandoned the project some years ago and the company marketing
- it have ceased trading, so for the moment this is the only fix, unless
- anyone else has found a better way! Richard Millican, Manchester.
- 7.7
- • Keystroke − (Here is Ed’s monthly crop of keystroking!) If you have
- to add and subtract as many commas as I do, you will appreciate the
- following ideas that I have used. At first, I used <ctrl-alt-,> to add a
- comma at the end of a word. It was just a case of clicking anywhere in
- the word to be comma’d and the key inserted the text “\S-⇨\\⇦⇦⇦⇦\,” which
- worked except where the word to be comma’d was at the RH end of a line
- of text − because it has to go past the linefeed as well as the space.
- Instead, I now use “\S-⇨\\⇦⇦⇦⇦\|?, ” as my text string (note the space after
- the comma). In other words, instead of moving back one space from the
- beginning of the following word before adding the comma, it deletes the
- space between the two words and adds comma and space.
- 7.7
- The other change I made to my comma’ing function was to move it from
- <ctrl-alt-,> to <ctrl-alt-A>. This means that my right hand doesn’t have
- to leave the mouse to hit <,> while the left hand holds <ctrl-alt>.
- Instead, I can add the comma entirely with my left hand and I can
- continue to look at the text rather than looking down to locate the
- comma key. (Similarly, I remove a character from the end of a word now
- by using <ctrl-alt-Z> (left hand only) which inserts the text “\S-
- ⇨\|?|? ”.)
- 7.7
- Other keys I now use include: <ctrl-alt-S> which capitalises (or
- uncapitalises) the next word. It consists of “\S-⇨\|S”. The point about
- it is that it can auto-repeat and capitalise a whole line of words.
- 7.7
- My invert words keystring has now changed to “|D\S-⇨\|V\S-⇦\\S-⇦\”. If you
- compare with the hint last month, all I have done is to add a “move left
- two words” at the end. This means that the cursor is brought back to the
- beginning of the first of the two words inverted. The reason I do this
- is that if I invert two words by mistake, I can immediately see which
- two words have to be re-inverted to restore things.
- 7.7
- • Keystroke again − Just to show what you can do with Keystroke, I have
- a key which does the following: load my Impression “envelope” file,
- adjust the window so that a frame embedded within the file is in the
- centre of the screen, load my standard “letter” file, adjust the size
- and position, insert the date and move the cursor to the position where
- I want to enter the address. I then type in the address and press
- another key which copies the address, brings the envelope file to the
- front, types in the address and prints the envelope. For people I write
- to regularly, I can incorporate the address in the first Keystroke
- sequence so that the whole thing is done with a single keystroke. Peter
- Howard, Fleet.
- 7.7
- • Print margins on HP DeskJet 500 − I use a monochrome DeskJet 500
- printer and I have found that the actual print margins are different
- from the “Generic DeskJet” settings as supplied with the RISC OS 3
- printer drivers. And their A4 margins are different from their Legal and
- Letter ones! The latter are, in fact, close to reality. The Legal and
- Letter (Generic DeskJet) settings give the top and bottom margins as 5.1
- and 20.1 cm respectively, while the A4 (Generic DeskJet) setting gives
- 12.5 and 19.9cm. I use the DeskJet+ driver with the colour options
- turned off and my settings are 5.1cm for the top and 12.0 for the bottom
- margin. The left and right margins, although differing slightly, I leave
- as they are, as I (and most people, I think) usually set wider side
- margins anyway. I leave the Paper Offsets at the supplied DeskJet (and/
- or DeskJet+) setting i.e. 4.23 for X and 0.00 for Y. Rex Palmer,
- Middlesex. A
- 7.7
- Colton Software
- 7.7
- New artwork
- 7.7
- CC
- 7.7
- New artwork
- 7.7
- Writing a Program − Part 2
- 7.7
- Francis Crossley
- 7.7
- Design procedure
- 7.7
- In last month’s article, I discussed some of the properties of compiled
- and interpreted languages. In this article, I want to look at a method
- of designing a program. I shall use Basic as the language because it is
- available on all Archimedes computers but the principles considered are
- common to whichever language you use. I shall use the approach known as
- ‘top down design’ also called ‘stepwise refinement’. In this technique,
- the abstract − what the program is to do − changes by steps into the
- concrete − how the program is actually implemented.
- 7.7
- Method
- 7.7
- (1) State what the problem is. To focus our ideas, I shall look at a
- program to calculate the area of three simple shapes − this is our
- problem.
- 7.7
- (2) The next stage is to write down in general terms what the main
- substages are, these might be:
- 7.7
- a) get the name of the shape
- 7.7
- b) calculate the area
- 7.7
- c) display the results
- 7.7
- d) request more data
- 7.7
- e) stop the program when finished
- 7.7
- (3) Now we break down each of these five parts into smaller parts, such
- as:
- 7.7
- a) Suppose that the shape is not one the program can deal with or the
- name has been misspelled, we will have the following divisions:
- 7.7
- i) input the name of the shape
- 7.7
- ii) check that the name input is acceptable
- 7.7
- b) The area is easy to calculate but we need to know what shape has been
- input or the lengths of sides
- 7.7
- i) what is the shape?
- 7.7
- ii) what are the relevant lengths?
- 7.7
- iii) calculate the area with a suitable equation
- 7.7
- c) How do we want the results displayed?
- 7.7
- d) Do we need to use a second request for data, as well as the one at
- the beginning?
- 7.7
- e) How do we tell the program we have finished? One possibility is to
- have a dummy shape represented by say ‘*’. In this case, it could be
- input as a response to the request for a shape. The item 3) a) ii) would
- then become: check that the name is acceptable and whether the program
- is to terminate, although two tests might be convenient.
- 7.7
- (4) The end is near − it only (only?) remains to code these final
- divisions. Assuming that you have some knowledge of Basic, inputting the
- name of the shape should be easy, but what about checking that the name
- is acceptable?
- 7.7
- As you might expect, there are many ways of doing this. You might use an
- IF ..THEN ..ELSE.. construction, the final ELSE leading to an error
- message or the termination of the program. Would it be better to have
- some sort of loop so that we have another chance to input the name of
- the shape? This is the approach we will adopt. What loop structure
- should we use? (NO! not one using GOTO!?)
- 7.7
- Two are available: REPEAT...UNTIL or WHILE...ENDWHILE, the difference
- being that the REPEAT loop tests the condition at the end and the WHILE
- loop tests the condition at the beginning, the latter being more
- suitable for this example.
- 7.7
- PRINT “Give the name of the shape R(ectangle), C(ircle)”
- 7.7
- INPUT “ T(riangle) or * to leave the program”,shape$
- 7.7
- WHILE shape$<>“R” AND shape$<>“C” AND shape$<>“T” AND shape$<>“*”
- 7.7
- PRINT “Please try again using only R, C, T or * ”
- 7.7
- INPUT shape$
- 7.7
- ENDWHILE
- 7.7
- I have separated the message string into two parts to avoid having a
- long line − this is cosmetic rather than essential.
- 7.7
- Since we are going to calculate several areas, we must have a second
- loop so that new data can be supplied. Again, a WHILE loop is the more
- suitable. We need to be able to leave the program before we try to find
- the area of ‘*’! Put this WHILE statement in the space between the INPUT
- and the WHILE in the fragment above. In this way, the correct character
- test need not be repeated. The request for data must be repeated later
- in the program otherwise the WHILE loop will have no new data to test,
- e.g.
- 7.7
- WHILE shape$<>“*”
- 7.7
- rest of the program as
- 7.7
- above to get new shape
- 7.7
- ENDWHILE
- 7.7
- END
- 7.7
- Before we can calculate the area, we must know the shape and choose the
- correct equation. Two techniques come to mind:
- 7.7
- a) a series of IF statements
- 7.7
- b) the CASE construct − this might show the function of the block
- better so we will try it.
- 7.7
- CASE shape$ OF
- 7.7
- WHEN “R” : get lengths of sides and calc area of rectangle
- 7.7
- WHEN “C” : get diameter and calc area of circle
- 7.7
- WHEN “T” : get lengths of 3 sides and calc area of triangle
- 7.7
- ENDCASE
- 7.7
- We could put an OTHERWISE statement after the last WHEN to allow for
- incorrect characters but this has already been tested and since we are
- trying to make small steps, it is better to keep the tests separate.
- 7.7
- The statement following the ‘:’ could consist of several statements, on
- one line, but would tend to spoil the structure and readability. We will
- use procedures or functions to ‘hide’ the details of the program.
- 7.7
- I will combine the two parts ‘get the lengths of sides and calc area’
- into one subprogram and will use a function. A function is rather like a
- procedure but it can return a result, e.g. area=FNCircleArea.
- 7.7
- The function then requests the lengths of sides or diameter as
- appropriate. A line in the CASE construct might be:
- 7.7
- WHEN “C” : area=FNCircleArea
- 7.7
- At the end of the program, after the final END, (the END being essential
- or the program tries to execute the functions without suitable data)
- there will be a series of definitions of functions and procedures, e.g.
- 7.7
- DEF FNCircleArea
- 7.7
- LOCAL diameter,area
- 7.7
- INPUT “What is the diameter of the circle”,diameter
- 7.7
- area=pi*diameter*diameter/4
- 7.7
- = area
- 7.7
- ‘LOCAL’ defines these variables to have a meaning only within this
- function. The final ‘= area’ associates the value with the calling
- statement and shows that the end of the definition has been reached.
- Other functions will be needed for the rectangle and triangle. I will
- state the area of the triangle given only the lengths of the sides since
- it might not be well known:
- 7.7
- area=SQR(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
- 7.7
- where s=(a+b+c)/2 and a, b, c are lengths of sides.
- 7.7
- Using the base and perpendicular height makes an easier equation but it
- is harder to measure in, say, a garden.
- 7.7
- Finally, we need to consider the presentation of the results. This is a
- matter of personal choice. If many areas are to be calculated, a tabular
- form would be best with a heading for each column. In this case, the
- headings must be written only once but the results many times. The PRINT
- statement for the header must therefore be near the start of the
- program. However, in order to use the IF construct, I choose to have a
- line of results stating the shape, size and its area. As an example of a
- procedure, I will use one for the display command, PROCDisplay.
- 7.7
- DEF PROCDisplay
- 7.7
- IF shape$=“R” THEN
- 7.7
- PRINT“Area of rectangle, sides ”;x;“ x ”;y;“ is ”;area;
- 7.7
- “ sq meters”
- 7.7
- ELSE IF shape$=“C” THEN
- 7.7
- PRINT“Area of circle, diameter ”;x;“ is ”;area;
- 7.7
- “ sq meters”
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- PRINT “Area of triangle, sides ”;x;“, ”;y;“, ”;z;
- 7.7
- “ is ”;area;“ sq meters”
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDPROC
- 7.7
- Notice that a nested IF construct has been used and two ENDIFs must be
- present. The key words have been indented to help show the relations
- between the tests.
- 7.7
- Since numerical values are to be mixed with text, it will be neater to
- use the ‘@%’ variable to format the results. (For details of the use of
- @%, see my earlier article in Archive 7.3 p60.) Basic supplied with RISC
- OS 3 accepts a string definition of ‘@%’, such as @%=“F10.5” meaning,
- fixed format in a field width of of 10 and 5 digits to the right of the
- decimal point.
- 7.7
- The complete program appears on the monthly disc and can be LOADed as
- “areas”. Check that it does actually do what I have planned!
- 7.7
- Improvements
- 7.7
- Changes which you could make are: include the test for ending the
- program in the CASE statement; include the display of the results in the
- calculation of area procedure; improve the presentation by putting the
- request for data in one part of the screen whilst displaying the results
- in another part; the data supplied for the triangle should be tested to
- verify that it is a real triangle, i.e. is the sum of the lengths of the
- two shorter sides greater than the length of the third side?
- 7.7
- There are many ways of implementing the code. One possibility would be
- to replace the INPUT when requesting the shape by GET$, which does not
- require <return> to be pressed but you have no chance of correcting a
- typing mistake, in which case, error detection is a must.
- 7.7
- This is an example of a simple program but if routines such as Fast
- Fourier Transforms were required, inline code would NOT be sensible. A
- library procedure would be ideal, because the FFT would be only a small
- part of the main problem and should be hidden from view in the way that
- SIN, etc are functions hidden elsewhere.
- 7.7
- Summary
- 7.7
- Break the problem into smaller, simpler problems.
- 7.7
- Use procedures or functions to hide the details.
- 7.7
- If you cannot think of a solution to a subproblem today, write a
- procedure which simply displays “to be completed later”. The solution
- will probably come tomorrow or the day after. In the meantime, solve the
- solvable.
- 7.7
- It is sometimes useful to draw a flow chart but, for a short program, I
- do not usually bother. However, a flow chart can help you sort out
- relationships between different parts of the program.
- 7.7
- Remember that, to make understanding of the program easier long after
- you have written it, make each part have one function, indent lines so
- that the structure is clear, use REMs to help clarify what is happening,
- use meaningful names for variables and finally, writing programs is
- supposed to be fun!
- 7.7
- If you have any comments or suggestions for future articles, please
- write to Paul or direct to me at 157 Holmes Chapel Road, Congleton,
- Cheshire CW12 4QB. A
- 7.7
- Small Ads
- 7.7
- (Small ads for Archimedes and related products are free for subscribers
- but we reserve the right to publish all, part or none of the material
- you send, as we think fit. i.e. some people don’t know what ‘small’
- means and there are certain things, as you can imagine, that we would
- not be prepared to advertise as a matter of principle. Sending small ads
- (especially long ones!) on disc is helpful but not essential. Ed)
- 7.7
- • 1Mb RAM card A3000 (Risc Dev.), unused £25. PipeDream 3 unused £40.
- Beebug hard disc drive for 400/1 series, 20Mb unused £50. Phone
- Northampton 0604-499379.
- 7.7
- • 2Mb A3000 upgrade board (Watford) £10. (Chips are soldered, so
- upgrade to 4 Mb impossible.) Gerald Fitton on 0793-723347.
- 7.7
- • 2nd Hard drive (160Mb) for A5000. Phone Vera at NCS on 0603-766592.
- 7.7
- • 4Mb RAM upgrade A3000 (Watford) £65, A3000 2Mb RAM upgrade (Acorn)
- £25, RISC OS 3.1 £30, Scanlight Junior (A3000, internal) £90, Morley
- A3000 2nd drive case (no drive fitted) £25, PinPoint £25, Interdictor 2
- £7. All as new. Contact Dr Luigi Giuseppe via G D’Annunzio 68-66023
- Francavilla al Mare (CH), Italy.
- 7.7
- • A310, 4Mb, ARM3, MEMC1a, RISC OS 3.10, 47Mb ST506 drive, 47Mb SCSI
- drive, Ferguson TX medium res TV/monitor, Impression II (upgrade to
- Publisher paid for), Eureka, S_BASE 2 Developer, Revealation Image Pro,
- Chocks Away, Birds of War, CyberChess, Lemmings the Tribes, Sim City
- etc., also manuals and utility software. Offers around £850. Phone Mark
- on 021-423-3500.
- 7.7
- • A4 notebook, 4Mb RAM/60M HD + lots of software including PipeDream 4
- and Impression II, £1350. Eizo 9060S multiscan monitor £295. Canon BJ200
- bubble jet printer £199, Part exchange for BBC Master + cash. Phone
- 0254-771656 after 5pm.
- 7.7
- • A410, 2Mb RAM 20Mb ST506 hard disc, 14“ ITT-Nokia remote control TV/
- RGB SCART monitor, Panasonic KXP1124 24 pin printer with A4 sheet
- feeder, CC hand scanner, Impression II, Hifi sound upgrade, plus lots of
- software and books. Excellent condition, £500. Contact R Bedi on 031-
- 650-5655 (daytime).
- 7.7
- • A410/1 4Mb RAM, RISC OS 3.1, ARM 3. Internal 40Mb and 20Mb ST506 hard
- discs. Epson LQ500 printer and new Acorn AKF18 monitor. PipeDream4
- (unregistered), DataPower and lots of PD software. Manuals inc. PRM OS2
- £750 ono. Contact Mr Stott at Royston, Mount Pleasant, Simpson, Milton
- Keynes, MK6 3AJ.
- 7.7
- • A440 50Mb SCSI, 4Mb RAM, Philips colour monitor £500. FX800 printer
- £50. Phone Cambridge 0223-311881.
- 7.7
- • A5000 25Mhz, 40Mb HD, 4Mb RAM, no monitor £775. CC Laser Direct card
- £150, Impression II £90, Impression Business Supplement £20, Equasor
- £20, Borders disc £5, Good Impression £10, First Impression £15, Genesis
- Plus £20. Phone Chris (after 7pm only) on 0252-519727.
- 7.7
- • A5000 8Mb RAM, 120MB HD, Multisync monitor, Impression II, full
- documentation, £1500. Phone 081-789-2663.
- 7.7
- • A5000, RISC OS 3.1, 4Mb RAM, 2×40Mb IDE drives with JP150 printer, PC
- Emulator 1.81, multisync monitor, Turbo Driver, Ovation, Thesaurus,
- Investigator III, Almanac, Plus 22 quality, original boxed games, £1350
- o.n.o. Phone 0532-736943.
- 7.7
- • Acorn Advance unregistered, still wrapped £80, Genesis II (v2.59)
- £60, Acorn DTP £8. Phone 0273-684459 after 6pm.
- 7.7
- • Archimedes software: EasiWord £25, Grievous Bodily Arm £10, Blowpipe
- £10, Interdictor II £12, Enter the Realm £10, Lemmings £10, SWIV £8,
- Blitz £10, Cataclysm £10, Saloon Cars Deluxe £15. Squirrel v1.21 manual
- £4 +p&p, Quickshot Maverick 1M Joystick Interface £10, Quickshot Python
- 3 Turbo Joystick £5, Vertical Twist Joystick Interface v2.4 £20. All
- sensible offers considered. Contact Jon Aylwin, “Oak Villa”, 4 St
- Margarets Close, Hollingworth Way, Hemyock, Cullumpton, Devon, EX15 3XJ.
- 7.7
- • CC Turbo Driver HP Deskjet £30, Ace ProDriver (Deskjet/Paintjet) £15,
- DBedit £15, DeskEdit 3 £15, Compression £19, KeyStroke £12, FontDir £19,
- Vigil £10, ABC v2 £18, Euclid £19, Splice £13, Mogul £10, Aldebaran £15,
- Elite £15, Cataclysm £10, Pandora’s Box £10, Drop ship £8, Text Aid £6,
- GraphBox £19, DrawAid £7, Interdictor 2 £10. Phone 0245-422237.
- 7.7
- • EasiWriter v3.0 £69, Ace ProDriver for the HP500C/550C £15. Phone
- 0342-714905.
- 7.7
- • Eizo 9060 14“ Multisync monitor, £200. Aleph One PC386/20 podule (4Mb
- RAM, 80387 co-processor) plus Windows driver software, £350. Phone David
- 081-556-6839.
- 7.7
- • HP Paintjet + HP printer stand, Ace ProDriver, six black, six colour
- cartridges and 250 sheets of HP coated paper (consumables worth over
- £300), £325 o.v.n.o. Phone 0602-722426.
- 7.7
- • Epson LX800 dot matrix printer; used but working. Offers over £40!
- Contact Bob Ames 071-477-8275 day or 0487-814227 evening.
- 7.7
- • Laser Direct Qume with two spare toner cartridges. Very good
- condition and latest software £500. Phone Ray on 081-864-7208.
- 7.7
- • Midnight Tracer £19, Trace+D2Font £2.50, FontFX (RISC OS 3) £5, Air
- Supremacy £9, Trivial Pursuit £5, Chocks Away+Extra Missions £18, Graph
- Box Professional £75, Helix Basic v2 £45, Image Outliner £45, Snippet
- £24, Atelier £35, Imagery £10, Split an Image £9, Glimpse £5, Christmas
- Allsorts £9, Desk Edit 2 £15. Phone 0626-853774.
- 7.7
- • Morley Teletext Adaptor £30. Phone 0508-499495.
- 7.7
- • Ovation v1.38s £60, Hard Disc Companion 2 (Beebug) £30. Both boxed
- with manuals. Phone Mr Carter on 0923-856009.
- 7.7
- • PC 486 4Mb card + Windows driver, £295. Phone Jim on Leicester 0533-
- 892797.
- 7.7
- • Psion II XP with 64K datapack, Pocket Spreadsheet, Comms Link
- (RS232), mains adaptor, datapack formatter. £50 o.n.o. Phone Richard on
- 0703-667245 evenings.
- 7.7
- • Scanlight 256 for A300/400/5000, cost £222 last June, serious offers
- to 0602-722426.
- 7.7
- • Single external 5¼“ Disc drive with PSU plus blank discs and storage
- box £45, dual external 3½” disc drive with PSU £80, Risc Dev. A3000
- external disc drive buffer podule £25, WE A3000 2Mb RAM upgrade £15.
- Offers welcome. Midlands area. Phone Jon on 0283-31403.
- 7.7
- • Wanted: Risc Basic. Phone 0626-853774.
- 7.7
- • Wanted: Spell checker and Thesaurus for Psion 3 or Pocket Book. Phone
- 0603-55303.
- 7.7
- • Watford MKII 16 grey scale hand scanner (A3xx/4xx/540 podule), 100-
- 400 dpi, 105 width, £55. For details ask for Roland on 010-33-88364245
- (F413). For delivery in London, phone 071-600-0927.
- 7.7
- Charity Sales − None this month as we were hoping to sell it all at the
- Open Day on March 12th! If you have unwanted software or hardware for
- Archimedes computers you could donate for charity, please send it to the
- Archive office and we will advertise it next month. Thanks. A
- 7.7
- Help!!!!
- 7.7
- • Bugs in Impression Style? − The Installer program does not work with
- SCSIFS or IDEFS and hangs the machine waiting for the second disc. If
- you type ADFS at the command line before installing it works OK.
- 7.7
- If you click on ‘Discard Document’ on the iconbar menu with <adjust> as
- you used to in Impression II to remove several documents, it hangs the
- machine.
- 7.7
- I have also had several problems with Style crashing and aborting with
- ‘Illegal Window Handle...’ and supposedly ‘Corrupt Font Trinity.Medium.’
- No other applications have any problems and Style reloads again quite
- happily and carries on where it left off. Anybody else had this problem?
- (RISC OS 3.10 of A540) CC say they have not heard of it. Ray Dawson,
- Middlesex.
- 7.7
- • Dhrystones & Whetstones − Does anyone have any information about
- these two processor speed tests? What do they test and how? Does anyone
- have figures for different processors? I like to tell people how fast my
- Acorn is compared to their 486DX33 − or whatever. Colin Singleton,
- Sheffield.
- 7.7
- • File transfer − I have a mentally handicapped brother and I want to
- transfer some software for him from a BBC Master. Could anyone help by
- transferring 5¼“ DFS files to 3½” ADFS, please? Thanks. Grant Randall,
- 18 Richmond Road, Harrogate, HG2 9AP. (0423-520850)
- 7.7
- • Hard drive problems − One of my Quantum 105S ProDrives (SCSI 3½“,
- 105Mb external) has been playing up. It appears to work correctly,
- everything reads from it OK, but if I try to write to it and then try to
- read back what has been written, the file either doesn’t exist or
- consists of something that has been deleted previously. This doesn’t
- happen every time and if I power the drive off and on it usually works
- OK, although not always and I sometimes end up with “bad free space map”
- or “broken directory” errors which require reloads to clear them. The
- other drive works perfectly all the time. Has anyone any ideas what’s
- wrong or can anyone suggest a good repairer, preferably a Quantum
- service centre. I use a Cumana CA008 SCSI internal interface on my
- A3000. Peter Young, 20 Racecourse Lane, Northallerton, N. Yorks, DL7
- 8RD.
- 7.7
- (I know Cumana won’t thank me for saying this but we have had a number
- of problems with the Cumana SCSI interface. We sometimes find that a
- Morley SCSI will work where a Cumana one won’t. Ed.)
- 7.7
- • High density disc interfaces − Has anyone got a high density (1.6Mb)
- hard drive attached to an old Archimedes successfully? Various systems
- have appeared and disappeared over the months. I believe that Vertical
- Twist and Risc Developments both do them but (a) do they work and (b)
- are they actually available? Clive Bell, Stevenage.
- 7.7
- • International language − One issue raised by the RISC OS Style Guide
- is the importance of standardising the wording used in the user
- interface. However, Acorn don’t seem to have thought this out for
- international users. If the same degree of conformity is to be achieved
- in other languages as is being achieved in the UK, it would be helpful
- if we had some preferred translations to work from.
- 7.7
- Could any of our non-UK subscribers collect together the options
- currently used in those packages which have been translated and create a
- listing which could be generally used by both software houses and
- individuals? Any offers of help would be much appreciated. Chris Mills,
- 1 Lambton Close, Crawcrook, Ryton, NE40 4UX.
- 7.7
- While on this subject, it seems that the PRM makes no mention of how to
- set the decimal point to default to a comma. Any ideas?
- 7.7
- • PC partition problem − I have created a 300Mb PC partition on my
- 520Mb hard disc. The problem I have is that under RISC OS, you cannot
- look inside this PC partition (the maximum viewable size being 32Mb).
- Acorn cannot help me. Maybe somebody has cracked it. If you have, please
- give me a ring on 0895-259245. David Ackie, Middlesex
- 7.7
- • Pocket Book − Mine says “battery backup low” virtually every time I
- switch it on. I haven’t lost any data yet but it is annoying and
- slightly worrying to see it so often. I wonder if anyone else has found
- this? Paul Beverley, Archive.
- 7.7
- • Suffolk Archimedes Club??? − I am keen to start an Archimedes User
- Club in Ipswich and wonder if there is anyone who would be interested in
- coming along to meetings. I anticipate an informal event, probably
- starting in a local pub and maybe hiring a local hall in the future. It
- would be just a social event initially, hopefully expanding to offer
- support, help newcomers, offer a book library, a PD library and maybe
- help some of the local schools who are using Archimedes machines. I can
- be contacted at 35 Clive Avenue, Ipswich, IP1 4LU, or by phone (8 p.m.
- to 10 p.m. only, please) on 0473-216424, or mobile 0831-884703 (24hr
- answer service) or Email on Fidonet 2:2501/302.5 (Andy Keeble).
- 7.7
- Are there other local Archimedes user groups? I get info about general
- ones but don’t publish them as we could fill up the magazine with them −
- but if there are any specifically Archimedes ones, do let us know. Or if
- you want to start one somewhere, again, let us know. Ed.
- 7.7
- Help Offered
- 7.7
- • !Printers setting up − James Munday has written five pages of notes
- about setting up !Printers. I felt that it wouldn’t justify five pages
- of Archive but some may find it useful so I have put it on the monthly
- disc. Thanks, James.
- 7.7
- • Brainsoft Multipod Professional − (Archive 7.6 p 31) The problem
- sounds like the one I aired in Archive 6.3 p15. The bad news is that
- there are some versions of the Brainsoft firmware which do not work
- under RISC OS 3.10. The later versions unfortunately have the same
- version numbers as the duff ones so that is no guide. The good news is
- that I have a disc copy of the ROM image of a working version from which
- an EPROM may be blown. I may even be able to get a ROM blown, if
- required. Tim Nicholson, 3 Fawley Close, Cranleigh, Surrey, GU6 7JP.
- 7.7
- • Teletext adaptors − Various people answered our pleas last month for
- a supply of Teletext adaptors. This has resulted in several second-hand
- ones appearing in the Small Ads column. Also, there is a new Teletext
- product from DesignIT − see Products Available. Other suppliers
- mentioned are...
- 7.7
- GP Electronics on 0474-854677 − I couldn’t get any reply from them.
- 7.7
- Hampshire Microtechnology Centre − I wrote and am awaiting a reply. A
- 7.7
- Safesell
- 7.7
- From 7.6 page 7
- 7.7
- Oak Solutions
- 7.7
- From 7.6 page 19
- 7.7
- Advanced Basic Programming Forum
- 7.7
- Paul Hobbs
- 7.7
- The Basic language supplied with the Archimedes is very powerful and
- easy to use. As with all languages, there are some things that are just
- not possible or practical but I would like to suggest that it is a lot
- more capable than many people think.
- 7.7
- The aim of this column will be to introduce some thought-provoking ideas
- on things that are possible using Basic and provide well-commented
- example code, where necessary.
- 7.7
- One thing I have learned from bitter experience is that, as far as
- possible, each routine should be self-contained and perform only one
- function. This involves the avoidance of global variables which can
- cause side effects that are difficult to track down. Equally
- importantly, each routine should claim and release workspace memory as
- required.
- 7.7
- If all routines are written in this manner, they can be copied and re-
- used in other programs with no problems. I am aware that this does not
- necessarily produce the fastest code but, personally, I prefer robust
- code that I can use again, rather than strive for maximum speed.
- 7.7
- Claiming and releasing memory blocks
- 7.7
- With this in mind, the first topic I would like to cover is claiming and
- releasing blocks of memory. Many of the other routines will depend on
- the ability to do this. Memory management in Basic is probably one of
- the weakest aspects of the language, providing only the DIM keyword for
- reserving a non-resizable block of memory.
- 7.7
- This month, I am going to discuss two methods of claiming memory, one
- from the current WimpSlot and the other from the Relocatable Module Area
- (RMA). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, so it is up to
- you to decide which is the most suitable for the task in hand.
- 7.7
- Firstly, I shall look at the WimpSlot method which is illustrated by
- routines taken with permission from !TemplEd (a template editor) by Dick
- Alstein. The advantage is that all of the memory claimed by the
- application is returned to the free pool automatically when the task
- ends. The disadvantage is that the program will use at least two pages
- (that is 64Kb on a 4Mb machine) because one page contains the program
- and the other the claimed memory blocks.
- 7.7
- It is important that your program does not attempt to move HIMEM or
- adjust the slot size itself as this would result in the heap being
- overwritten. There should be no need to do this, however, as all memory
- required can be claimed using the routines given here.
- 7.7
- Warning! The routine to release a heap block contains a trick that may
- not work in future releases of RISC OS − the line SYS “OS_Heap”,5,_Heap%
- ,,(_HeapEnd% − _Heap%) − _Heap%!12 reads the current size of the heap
- (at _Heap%!12) before releasing it. The difficulty is that a heap resize
- request (OS_Heap 5) might shrink the heap by less that the requested
- amount but, according to the RISC OS 2 PRMs, you can’t find out how much
- it actually did shrink. The RISC OS 3 PRMs say the amount is returned in
- r3 although it is not certain if this is true for RISC OS 2 as well.
- Normally, this sort of thing is not recommended, as a rewrite may be
- necessary in the future, but the routine as given works on both RISC OS
- 2 and 3.
- 7.7
- The following example program allows experimentation with the routines −
- note that it does not run under the Wimp to avoid complicating matters.
- Also note that the routines (apart from _heap_init) do not generate an
- error if something goes wrong − a return code is passed back to your
- program instead. I take the view that the person actually writing the
- program should be able to decide what happens if memory runs out. For
- example, it is faster to perform processing on a file by loading it into
- a RAM buffer, but if not enough RAM is available, it would be possible
- to offer processing the file on disc instead.
- 7.7
- REM >HeapTest
- 7.7
- PROC_heap_init :REM Initialise memory heap
- 7.7
- REM Globals for test program
- 7.7
- quit% = FALSE
- 7.7
- a% = 0
- 7.7
- b% = 0
- 7.7
- blk% = 0
- 7.7
- amount$ = “”
- 7.7
- g = 0
- 7.7
- REM A simple menu to test the heap procedures
- 7.7
- REPEAT
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“Slot size currently ”;~_SlotSize%
- 7.7
- PRINT “Select from...”
- 7.7
- PRINT “1= fetch”‘“2= return”’“3= resize”‘“4= quit”
- 7.7
- g = GET − 48
- 7.7
- CASE g OF
- 7.7
- WHEN 1:
- 7.7
- INPUT “size to fetch: &”a$
- 7.7
- IF a$ <> “” THEN
- 7.7
- a% = EVAL(“&” + a$)
- 7.7
- blk% = FN_heap_get(a%)
- 7.7
- IF blk% > 0 THEN
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“Block allocated at &” + STR$~blk%
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“Unable to claim enough memory”
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- WHEN 2:
- 7.7
- INPUT “block to return: &”a$
- 7.7
- IF a$ <> “” THEN
- 7.7
- a% = EVAL(“&” + a$)
- 7.7
- b% = a%
- 7.7
- PROC_heap_release(a%)
- 7.7
- IF (a% = 0) THEN
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“Block at &” + STR$~b% + “ has been released”
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“No block exists at &”+STR$~b%
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- WHEN 3:
- 7.7
- INPUT “Block to resize: &”a$
- 7.7
- INPUT “Amount (-ve to decrease): &”amount$
- 7.7
- IF a$ <> “” THEN
- 7.7
- a% = EVAL(“&” + a$)
- 7.7
- b% = a%
- 7.7
- PROC_heap_resize(a%,VAL( amount$))
- 7.7
- IF (a% > 0) THEN
- 7.7
- PRINT ‘“Block at &” + STR$~b% + “ has been resized ”;
- 7.7
- IF a% <> b% THEN PRINT “(now at &”+STR$~a%+
- 7.7
- “)” ELSE PRINT
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- IF a% = -3 THEN PRINT ‘“No block exists at
- 7.7
- &”+STR$~b%
- 7.7
- IF a% = -2 THEN PRINT ‘“Unable to claim
- 7.7
- enough memory”
- 7.7
- IF a% = -1 THEN PRINT ‘“Block size is now 0
- 7.7
- or negative”
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- WHEN 4:
- 7.7
- quit% = TRUE
- 7.7
- ENDCASE
- 7.7
- UNTIL quit%
- 7.7
- END
- 7.7
- REM — Heap Procedures ————————————————————————
- 7.7
- REM Global variables used:
- 7.7
- REM _Heap% Start of heap
- 7.7
- REM _SlotSize% Size of current WimpSlot
- 7.7
- REM _PageSize% Size of a memory page
- 7.7
- REM _HeapEnd% End of heap
- 7.7
- DEF PROC_heap_init
- 7.7
- _Heap% = HIMEM : REM heap starts just after end of allocated memory
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_ReadMemMapInfo” TO _PageSize%
- 7.7
- REM enlarge wimpslot (1 page) and
- 7.7
- create private heap
- 7.7
- in new memory
- 7.7
- _SlotSize% = _Heap% − &8000
- 7.7
- SYS “Wimp_SlotSize”,_SlotSize% + _PageSize%,-1 TO _SlotSize%
- 7.7
- _HeapEnd% = _SlotSize% + &8000
- 7.7
- IF _HeapEnd% <= _Heap% THEN ERROR 0, “Can’t claim space for heap”
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,0,_Heap%,,_HeapEnd% − _Heap%
- 7.7
- ENDPROC
- 7.7
- DEF FN_heap_get(size%)
- 7.7
- LOCAL maxfree%,nrpages%,oldheapend% ,ptr%
- 7.7
- REM Returns pointer to new memory block
- 7.7
- REM -1 if claim fails due to lack of memory
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,1,_Heap% TO ,,maxfree%
- 7.7
- IF size% > maxfree% THEN
- 7.7
- REM largest free block is too small − try to enlarge wimpslot and heap
- 7.7
- nrpages% = 1 + (size% DIV _PageSize%) : REM required # pages of memory
- 7.7
- SYS “Wimp_SlotSize”,_SlotSize% + nrpages% * _PageSize%,-1
- 7.7
- TO _SlotSize%
- 7.7
- oldheapend% = _HeapEnd%
- 7.7
- _HeapEnd% = _SlotSize% + &8000
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,5,_Heap%,,_HeapEnd% − oldheapend%
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,1,_Heap% TO ,,maxfree% : REM do we have enough now?
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- IF size% > maxfree% THEN
- 7.7
- ptr% = -1
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,2,_Heap%,,size% TO ,,ptr%
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- = ptr%
- 7.7
- DEF PROC_heap_release(RETURN ptr%)
- 7.7
- LOCAL maxfree%,nrpages%,flg%
- 7.7
- REM Returns 0 if block released OK
- 7.7
- REM Returns -1 if operation failed (i.e. block doesn’t exist)
- 7.7
- SYS “XOS_Heap”,3,_Heap%,ptr% TO ;flg% :REM Free the block
- 7.7
- IF (flg% AND 1) = 0 THEN
- 7.7
- REM Block was released successfully...
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,1,_Heap% TO ,,maxfree% :REM Get info on heap
- 7.7
- IF maxfree% > _PageSize% THEN
- 7.7
- REM more than 1 page free − try to shrink heap (page by page)
- 7.7
- nrpages% = 0 : REM # pages of memory freed
- 7.7
- REPEAT
- 7.7
- SYS “XOS_Heap”,5,_Heap%,,-_PageSize% TO ;flg%
- 7.7
- IF (flg% AND 1) = 0 THEN
- 7.7
- nrpages% += 1
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- UNTIL (flg% AND 1) <> 0
- 7.7
- IF nrpages% > 0 THEN
- 7.7
- REM successfully shrunk heap − shrink WimpSlot
- 7.7
- SYS “Wimp_SlotSize”,_SlotSize% − nrpages% * _PageSize%,-1
- 7.7
- TO _SlotSize%
- 7.7
- _HeapEnd% = _SlotSize% + &8000
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- SYS “OS_Heap”,5,_Heap%,,(_HeapEnd% − _Heap%) − _Heap%!12
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- REM Return 0 to signal successful release of block
- 7.7
- ptr% = 0
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- REM Error occured trying to free the block, return -1 to signal to the
- 7.7
- REM program that something went wrong (normally the program would
- ignore
- 7.7
- REM this anyway)
- 7.7
- ptr% = -1
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDPROC
- 7.7
- DEF PROC_heap_resize(RETURN ptr%, change%)
- 7.7
- LOCAL flg%
- 7.7
- REM Returns a new pointer to the block (it may be moved in memory). Any
- 7.7
- REM data in the block will be copied to the new location if necessary.
- 7.7
- REM Returns -1 if the block now has a size of 0 or less
- 7.7
- REM Returns -2 if claim fails due to lack of memory
- 7.7
- REM Returns -3 if block does not exist
- 7.7
- SYS “XOS_Heap”,6,_Heap%,ptr% TO ;flg% :REM Read size of block to
- 7.7
- check it exists
- 7.7
- IF (flg% AND 1) THEN
- 7.7
- REM It doesn’t exist.
- 7.7
- ptr% = -3
- 7.7
- ELSE
- 7.7
- REM It does, so attempt to perform resize..
- 7.7
- SYS “XOS_Heap”,4,_Heap%,ptr%,change% TO ,,ptr%;flg%
- 7.7
- IF (flg% AND 1) THEN ptr% = -2
- 7.7
- ENDIF
- 7.7
- ENDPROC
- 7.7
- RMA method
- 7.7
- The second method is more suitable for small programs as the claimed
- memory blocks are taken from the RMA and not the current WimpSlot. As
- the above listing is rather long, the RMA routines are on the monthly
- program disc. Unfortunately, memory taken from the RMA is not
- automatically returned when the program ends and may not (under some
- circumstances) be recovered at all. This means that it is possible that
- the RMA area could grow and grow, taking memory from the free pool until
- there is none left.
- 7.7
- Due to this problem, I prefer to use the first method although it is
- somewhat crude in that memory blocks are never relocated to make best
- use of the available memory. However, as long as blocks are kept small
- and released when finished with, they work well. For more sophisticated
- memory handling, I would point you in the direction of the ‘WimpExt’
- module by Jon Ribbens which implements a ‘sliding heap’ which can
- automatically relocate memory blocks.
- 7.7
- Using the RMA as a source of private workspace for your applications
- does have a few advantages, especially for small utility programs in
- that it is not neccessary to claim a complete extra page of memory from
- the wimpslot and in a reduction of the code needed in your program.
- 7.7
- Global variables are also not required making things much neater, and of
- course it is not neccessary to initialise the heap as RISC OS has
- already done it for you.
- 7.7
- Next month
- 7.7
- Next time we’ll look at the problem of discovering the buffer size
- needed by “Wimp_LoadTemplate” to actually load the templates − and, yes,
- I do know that RISC OS 3 has a new call to do this, but that doesn’t
- help if you want your program to run under RISC OS 2 as well! If anybody
- has any suggestions for Basic programming techniques that could be of
- general interest, or problems that could be covered in the future, my
- address is Paul Hobbs, Rheinpfalzstrasse 2, 85049 Ingolstadt,
- Germany. A
- 7.7
- Language Column
- 7.7
- David Wild
- 7.7
- At Acorn World 93, I upgraded my copy of Longman Logotron’s S-Base to
- the latest version. It comes with a new set of manuals and seems to me
- to be well worth having. One of the additional facilities is a “front
- end” that automates much of the work of preparing an application and
- avoids the necessity of typing a lot of code to deal with the usual
- housekeeping of a database.
- 7.7
- I was particularly interested in the different attitudes shown in the
- two manuals supplied with the package. There is a “getting started” type
- of manual which is very enthusiastic about the automatic generation
- facility while the tutorial part of the main manual mentions it but
- dismisses it as being for beginners. The tutorial then leads you through
- all the code necessary to build up the application and implies that this
- is the right way for experts to do the job.
- 7.7
- My experience as a programmer and as a provider of technical support to
- other programmers and users, suggests that programmers, just as much as
- beginners, need all the help they can get. Many program bugs can be
- traced to “silly” mistakes in “easy” parts of the program. (The word
- silly is not meant to imply stupidity but describes the sort of mistake
- which is often caused by distraction or haste and is not the result of a
- fundamental lack of understanding − rather like letter-transposition in
- typing.)
- 7.7
- One classic type of error is using the wrong variable because you think
- that you have remembered what the name is, and this will not be picked
- up by the compiler because the syntax is still correct. If you have
- several similar variables, this sort of error can go unnoticed for quite
- some time and this is why we need thorough testing of all newly written
- programs even if they seem to be trivial.
- 7.7
- Because of this, I favour the idea of using as much help of the
- automatic sort as possible and then “tweaking” the resulting code to
- make the program do exactly what you want. This really ties in with the
- idea of using separately compiled modules with the “normal” programming
- languages − why bog yourself down rewriting the code to display the
- results of your calculation on the screen when you have already written
- the code for the display of other similar calculations. Much of the
- fractal programming can be dealt with by writing one full program and
- then a new “calculate” module for the rest of the results.
- 7.7
- The problem of program errors has often been underrated, especially by
- programmers themselves, and I have known people spend a lot of time
- trying to prove that there had been a machine malfunction rather than
- that there could be an error in their work.
- 7.7
- I receive a magazine “The Sciences” from New York and I recently found a
- fascinating article about the early days of computing and the discovery
- of debugging. The author explained that they had expected quite a lot of
- machine unreliability, but had expected that they, all experienced
- mathematicians, would have had no trouble writing programs that worked
- first time.
- 7.7
- This is not quite as big-headed as it sounds as most of the programs
- were actually quite simple, doing tasks that needed a lot of repetitive
- calculation. In fractal programs, most of the program’s time is taken up
- with calculating while most of the program content is taken up with
- displaying the results − especially in a multi-tasking environment. As
- they didn’t have any display facilities other than simple printers, the
- complicated parts weren’t there. A
- 7.7
- The Advance Column
- 7.7
- Robert Chrismas
- 7.7
- How satisfying it is to discover that self-styled experts have feet of
- clay! Having written about the benefits of reading manuals, and about
- Advance installation, I was disappointed to discover that the so-called
- expert with egg on his face was me.
- 7.7
- When my college bought a site licence version of Advance, I carefully
- installed it on our Econet. It worked properly although, as I mentioned
- last month, loading was slow.
- 7.7
- I first realised that I might have missed something when I received a
- letter from Mrs L. J. Handcock of The Perse School for Girls, Cambridge
- about her experiences with Advance. In her description of the way her
- students used Advance, Mrs Handcock mentioned that she had installed
- Advance on ‘hard discs on a variety of machines.’ ‘My!’, I thought,
- ‘that must cost a bit for lots of single user packs.’
- 7.7
- A wonderful disc
- 7.7
- A couple of days later, I received from Acorn their Support Group
- Applications Note 243 which includes advice on using Advance on a
- network. This fascinating document made the extent of my mistake all too
- clear. The Advance Program Disc 1 in the site licence pack is a
- wonderful disc. When you have installed Advance on one network, you can
- use the same disc to install Advance on all your other networks. The
- same disc will install a copy of Advance on as many hard discs as you
- require and it will even make floppy disc copies for individual
- machines. In the words of the applications note: ‘unlimited copies can
- be created on fileservers, hard discs, floppies etc from a single site
- licence disc.’
- 7.7
- When I went back to the installation instructions in the manual, it was
- obvious that this was possible. I had not realised it because I had
- never before come across a protected disc which allowed you to install a
- program on an unlimited number of computers with different filing
- systems. And I had not read the manually carefully enough.
- 7.7
- Network problems
- 7.7
- Mrs Handcock’s letter also described some problems she was having with
- Advance on the network.
- 7.7
- One problem involved pupils loading a file from an open area of the
- network, editing it and saving the edited version back to their own
- area. So far as I can tell, Advance WP behaves like other editors. It
- will load a file which the user does not own provided the file has
- public read access. However, users will not be able to save it back to
- the public area of the network. I suggested that when students need to
- save their own edited version of a public access file, they should be
- told to copy the file into their own directory first, then to load it
- from there. This seems a good strategy for all sorts of files and not
- just Advance.
- 7.7
- Database needs update access
- 7.7
- Like most databases, the Advance DB does not load the whole file.
- Instead, it reads and writes individual records. The file must be opened
- for update. Naturally, this will fail if the user is not allowed to
- update the file. Unfortunately, if the user does not have write access
- to the file, or if the file is locked, Advance does not generate a
- proper error message, instead it just beeps. Mrs Handcock’s local dealer
- informs her that Acorn is aware of this problem.
- 7.7
- Network users will know that there are file interlocks which prevent a
- user opening a file for update if it is already open for update or just
- reading, and they will also prevent any users opening a file at all if
- it is already open for update.
- 7.7
- Printing problem
- 7.7
- Mrs Handcock writes, “Nearly all our printing is done over the net to a
- Calligraph laser printer. All machines print WP files perfectly, but
- when it comes to spreadsheets, any machines which have a hard disc
- upgrade (A3000s have 20Mb HCCS IDE drives, the 310 has an ICS drive)
- refuse to print and hang up the machine.” This problem has stumped me.
- If anyone has any suggestions please let me have them and I will pass
- them on to Mrs Handcock.
- 7.7
- Too many fonts
- 7.7
- The Advance spreadsheet will not run if you have ‘too many’ fonts. To
- make matters worse the error message it produces, ‘Too many items in
- menu,’ is unhelpful. In a letter in which he says he was “touched by
- your desperate plea ... for letters on Advance”, Peter Young of
- Northallerton, North Yorkshire, points out the fonts problem. Peter
- remarks that it reminds him of RISC OS 2 versions of Edit − which should
- be sufficient to galvanize Acorn/Clares into fixing it!
- 7.7
- None of the other Advance tools seem as susceptible to this problem
- which is made worse by the way the spreadsheet presents the fonts. It
- uses one menu option for the regular version of the font and another for
- any variations. The error seems to occur if the fonts menu has more than
- 39 entries.
- 7.7
- Who needs it?
- 7.7
- Elwyn Morris sent a very interesting letter responding to my request for
- letters from people who have decided not to use Advance. He finds that
- PipeDream is able to do all his word processing, and it also meets his
- simple database and spreadsheet requirements. He finds PipeDream’s
- ability to use its own printer drivers, as well as the RISC OS ones,
- valuable and, finally, he can run PipeDream on MS DOS, so his files can
- be linked with others done at work.
- 7.7
- I am an enthusiastic PipeDream user and I cannot disagree with anything
- Elwyn writes. Still, having tried to teach both programs, I find the
- Advance tools much easier to explain to new users, and they seem to
- learn them more easily.
- 7.7
- Like Elwyn, most microcomputer owners have pretty simple requirements
- for databases and spreadsheets, if we use them at all. We are not crying
- out for relational databases or multi-dimensional programmable
- spreadsheets. When we find a program which does what we need, reasonably
- conveniently, we tend to stick with it. This is no doubt a
- disappointment for all software developers − not just those in the
- Archimedes world.
- 7.7
- I like Advance because it seems to me to be straightforward and easy to
- use without including a lot of features I do not use.
- 7.7
- In a module?
- 7.7
- Bernard Veasey from Chichester suggested that Advance might be quicker
- to load on the Econet if it were combined in one module which would add
- the program to the Resources:$.Apps directory. The advantage would be
- that it would load over the network as one big module file. This should
- help for other programs but I am not sure whether the Advance protection
- would tolerate it. Also, you would be filling up memory with some tools
- you might not need. However, I will try out the idea using a program
- which creates a module from an application which appears on the Risc
- User April 1993 magazine disc.
- 7.7
- Has anyone tried importing Lotus 1-2-3 WK1 files to the spreadsheet
- tool? The Advance manual says it is possible.
- 7.7
- I would be glad to receive any correspondence about Advance. So far, the
- score stands at three letters, only one of which came from a regular
- Advance user. It was encouraging to find the column was not just of
- interest to Advance users. Probably the other readers are people, like
- me, who are determined to get full value from their Archive!
- 7.7
- My address is 8 Virginia Park Road, Gosport, Hants, PO12 3DZ. A
- 7.7
- Games Column
- 7.7
- Dave Floyd
- 7.7
- Over the years, the Archimedes games player has had a steady supply of
- software but, compared to other platforms, you wouldn’t say it was
- prolific. Towards the end of last year, a number of established games
- companies began to take an interest in the Archimedes market, so we are
- looking forward to seeing a good number of original new games as well as
- conversions this year.
- 7.7
- Future columns will be directed both by what is happening within the
- Archimedes games market and also by your input, so if you have any
- opinions on games or want to suggest the direction you would like the
- column to take, please write to me.
- 7.7
- Over the first two Games Column, I’ll look briefly at each game genre
- and see what is available at present and what may be appearing in the
- near future.
- 7.7
- Shoot-Em-Ups
- 7.7
- My favourite within this category has to be Axis from TBA Software. I
- enjoyed this game with an ARM 2 chip fitted, but now that I have an ARM
- 3, it really is very slick indeed. When you rotate your tank, it stands
- still while the whole of the scenery moves. Marvel at the power of the
- Archimedes and the talent of the programmers while shooting everything
- that moves − superb!
- 7.7
- Certainly worth a mention is Apocalypse, from 4th Dimension. It bears
- the mark of a good game in that it’s still playable years after release.
- With many worlds to conquer and a vast selection of aliens to overcome,
- the action is relentless, especially on the later levels. As if that
- were not enough, you have limited fuel with which to complete your
- mission.
- 7.7
- Xenon 2 is a conversion of the Amiga classic by Gamesware and another
- piece of software that should be in the collection of every self-
- respecting shoot-em-up lover. The parallax scrolling is smooth and there
- are hordes of aliens to blast while you try to collect power-ups to
- increase your fire power. The graphics are well detailed and animated
- and, unlike many vertically scrolling games, you can reverse if you find
- you have taken a wrong turning. Great fun.
- 7.7
- I was never a great lover of Asteroids, but Spheres of Chaos from Matt
- Black is a must. It is not so much a version of the old classic as a
- completely new game based on the principles of the original. The
- colours, sound and variations on the original theme, along with a multi-
- player option and the facility to modify the parameters of the game,
- make this a winner.
- 7.7
- Some may be surprised that I have not included Zarch in my selection but
- I find that using the mouse to control the ship is less than
- satisfactory − a bias that runs over to other Zarch-type games. Nevryon
- looked very pretty when it was released but, unfortunately, I don’t have
- four hands, which seem essential to master the controls.
- 7.7
- The worst example has to be Zelanites. Basically, it is space invaders
- with better graphics, and I was surprised that it was a full price
- release at all. It totally amazes me that Superior Software have seen
- fit to include it on Play It Again Sam 3.
- 7.7
- Platform games
- 7.7
- The obvious choices amongst platform games are all conversions. Zool
- (Gremlin), James Pond (Krisalis), James Pond 2 − Robocod (Gamesware) and
- Chuck Rock (Krisalis) are all absorbing and challenging games with good
- cartoon-style graphics. That they have proved their quality on Megadrive
- and Amiga where platform games face far greater competition than is
- available Archimedes, speaks volumes, and the conversions themselves are
- all of good quality.
- 7.7
- Other conversions that no games collection should be without are Gods
- (Krisalis) and Magic Pockets (Renegade). Good graphics and playability
- combine with that “one-more-go” factor that ensures value for money. One
- advantage with owning an Archimedes is that (so far) we only get
- conversions of the better games and long may it continue.
- 7.7
- One ‘home bred’ game that has been taking up more of my time than I care
- to admit is Warlocks from Network 23. The sprites are a touch small and
- the sound could be improved but this is still a very impressive effort
- and offers hours of fun and frustration for the games player.
- 7.7
- Fighting games
- 7.7
- There is very little competition so far in the Archimedes field although
- the genre appears to be flourishing on other systems. Grievous Bodily
- ’Arm from 4th Dimension and Aggressor from Matt Black have been the only
- two titles to date. Of these two, Aggressor gets my vote but it’s not
- Street Fighter 2 and if released on any other format, it would be
- totally overwhelmed. I have seen an advert for a new game called
- DeathBlow but have not seen the game yet so cannot comment.
- 7.7
- Adventure games
- 7.7
- Text adventures seem to have hit a bit of a lull within the computer
- community − which I feel is a shame. With the power and memory available
- on the Archimedes, some very large and enjoyable adventures could be
- written but nothing seems to be happening. Most of the old Acornsoft
- adventures have been converted from the BBC by Topologika along with
- some new titles which are all of good quality and would be a good place
- for the beginner to start out in the world of adventuring.
- Unfortunately, my own personal favourite, Gateway To Karos, has not been
- converted, but I live in hope.
- 7.7
- Robico have been very quiet of late but released a number of games a few
- years back which would provide a good buy for those who need more of a
- challenge. I always found that their games were a little difficult but
- they were always logical and the quality of the text kept me coming back
- for more.
- 7.7
- I find it a great shame that no-one has seen fit to convert the
- marvellous adventures once produced by Level 9. From the truly colossal
- Snowball through the rest of their adventures, I spent many a happy hour
- exploring and puzzling. The Level 9 adventures are one reason why I
- still keep my old BBC and actually get it out of the cupboard every now
- and then.
- 7.7
- Sadly, it is now very difficult to find either The Pawn or its follow
- up, Guild of Thieves. I played both games on an Amiga long ago, and they
- were exceptional examples of how to write an adventure game.
- Unfortunately, I did not buy them when they were released on the
- Archimedes and if anybody has a copy which they would be willing to sell
- me, please get in touch. Wonderland is another adventure from Magnetic
- Scrolls which is in the same mould and is well worth getting if you come
- across it.
- 7.7
- Possibly one of the best ways to obtain good quality text adventures is
- through a public domain utility which allows you to use data files from
- the extensive range written by Infocom. During the eighties, Infocom
- were prolific in producing very good quality games but, being American,
- they never turned their attention to the Acorn market. Using the PD
- utility, you can use the PC versions of the games and play them as if
- they were written for the Archimedes. Most of the games have been re-
- released in compilation form now, so it is also a very cost-effective
- method of increasing your software collection.
- 7.7
- Finally, Gamesware have converted Simon the Sorcerer from other
- platforms. Although it is not a text adventure in the classic style, it
- has to be included with the genre. Unfortunately, it has also meant the
- conversion of a Sega type price of £39.99. I know all the arguments:
- small user base, licensing costs, programming costs, etc but, no matter
- how many good reviews I read, I remain unconvinced that a game is worth
- that kind of money. Maybe readers who have bought the game would like to
- write to me with their opinions and convince me that I am wrong. (They
- say “about two weeks” for Simon the Sorcerer”− but it was supposed to be
- out for Christmas. Ed.)
- 7.7
- Next month, I will look at simulations, puzzle games and Elite-style
- games. If I have not mentioned your particular favourite shoot-em-up,
- platform, fighting or adventure game, please let me know. Also, if you
- have any opinions relating to the Archimedes games market, please write
- to me c/o PO Box 2795, Harlesden, London NW10 9AY. A
- 7.7
- Of the games Dave mentioned, Archive stock the following:
- 7.7
- Aggressor − £15
- 7.7
- Apocalypse − £29
- 7.7
- Axis − £23
- 7.7
- Chuck Rock − £24
- 7.7
- Gods − £24
- 7.7
- Grievous Bodily ’Arm − £24
- 7.7
- James Pond − £24
- 7.7
- James Pond 2: Robocod − £24
- 7.7
- Magic Pockets − £24
- 7.7
- Spheres of Chaos − £23
- 7.7
- Xenon 2 − £24
- 7.7
- Zool − £24
- 7.7
- Music Column
- 7.7
- Stewart Watson
- 7.7
- Rhapsody 3
- 7.7
- Rhapsody 3 has a number of features which are particularly useful for
- teachers, but might well be of use to other users. The most obvious of
- these is the transpose facility. Once a score has been input in one key,
- it can be transposed up or down at will. If you are working with a class
- on a piece prepared in Rhapsody and one of the pupils happens to play
- the clarinet you simply load the score, select the appropriate stave and
- transpose the stave up two steps. You then have the melody in the
- appropriate key, ready to be printed, almost. The only change required
- before printing is that some beams, especially notes on the middle line
- of the stave, might need to be altered.
- 7.7
- Re-tail
- 7.7
- To do this, open the stave menu, select re-tail, then both. At this
- stage, it is worth checking through the score to make sure that
- everything is as you would like it before printing, as unfortunately
- Rhapsody 3 does not appear to recognize whether beams of notes on the
- middle line should go up or down to fit in with the notes on either
- side, but simply sets beams of all notes on the middle line to go up.
- This is an omission from the program − I hope it will be addressed in
- some future upgrade.
- 7.7
- Transposition
- 7.7
- A point to note is that transposition in Rhapsody is cumulative.
- Therefore if you transpose a part up two semitones, you could return it
- to its original pitch by transposing it down two semitones. However, if
- you had transposed it up by two semitones, and then wanted it transposed
- down three semitones below the original, you would have to set the
- transpose depth to −5.
- 7.7
- Chord symbols
- 7.7
- Before the guitar chord facility became available, I used to print chord
- letters above the stave. This worked well for keyboard players and
- guitarists, but if the piece had to be transposed, it would appear in a
- new key with the chord symbols for the original key. I now realize that
- I should have entered the chord symbols on a separate stave, above the
- main melody stave, so that I could transpose the melody stave and print
- it out without any chord symbols. I now use the guitar chord function
- for inputting chords using a half size stave. This not only inputs chord
- grids for guitarists, but also names the chords for keyboard players.
- 7.7
- Editing
- 7.7
- When moving from one stave to another while editing a multi-stave score,
- ensure that a note or symbol is selected on the current stave before
- editing or transposing.
- 7.7
- Bar numbers
- 7.7
- The automatic insertion of bar numbers at the start of each line, which
- Rhapsody 3 implements by default, can very often be useful. However,
- when it is not required, there is no obvious way to switch it off. From
- the preferences menu, available from the Rhapsody icon on the iconbar,
- you can switch off the bar numbers on the screen by making the bar
- number colour the same as the background colour, but this does not
- affect the printout. The only way I can think of to get round this is to
- load each page into ScoreDraw and delete the numbers in Draw.
- 7.7
- TAB
- 7.7
- Most people are familiar with standard music notation, where notes are
- written on a five-line stave. Guitar players, however, often have their
- music written on two staves, one normal stave, and a second six-line
- stave with one line for each string of the guitar. Unlike the keyboard,
- a guitar can sound the same note on different strings at different fret
- positions. The six line stave shows the guitarist which fret on which
- string should be played.
- 7.7
- Writing TAB
- 7.7
- When writing parts in TAB, all you need do is prepare the top stave as
- normal in Rhapsody, ScoreDraw, or your chosen notation package, but save
- it as a drawfile with a big system gap, ie. the gap between the
- different staves on the paper. Leave enough room so that when the stave
- is loaded into Draw, or DrawPlus, there is room to add the TAB stave. If
- you are using DrawPlus you can have the TAB stave, together with any
- other symbols you might wish to add, in a library file, and once you
- have made one TAB stave the correct size, you can simply duplicate it.
- For accurate fitting, make sure the grid lock is switched off. As long
- as both the normal stave and the TAB stave are the same width, you need
- only align one corner.
- 7.7
- Bass TAB
- 7.7
- The principle of adding a TAB stave works equally well for music for the
- bass guitar. The only difference is that, since the bass has only four
- strings, you only need a four-line TAB stave.
- 7.7
- Monthly disc
- 7.7
- I’ve included several files for the monthly disc, including the
- drawfiles with the guitar TAB stave and bass guitar TAB stave, and a
- library of music symbols for loading into DrawPlus. The drawings are not
- outstanding, and anyone with a bit of artistic flair should be able to
- improve them without too much trouble, but they are functional. A
- 7.7
- CC
- 7.7
- From 7.6 page 28
- 7.7
- Electronic CAD(4) − Vector for PCB Design
- 7.7
- Richard Torrens
- 7.7
- I have been using DrawPlus for a long time now and it was so good that I
- never upgraded to Vector. When I was considering an upgrade from
- LinTrack, I purchased OakPCB because I had heard that it looked
- promising. As you read last month, it does indeed look interesting and
- it is fine for small circuits. However, I found that there were
- limitations for the kind of work I do. In the meanwhile, I have upgraded
- to Vector and I regret not having done so before. Vector has some
- special features which make it very good for PCB work. The latest
- version is 1.10 and some of the features mentioned here may not be
- present on earlier versions.
- 7.7
- If, as a result of this article, you buy Vector (£85 +VAT), please
- mention my name to 4Mation, so we can all assess the market for PCB CAD.
- (The same applies if you buy it through Archive at £92. Ed.) If there is
- sufficient demand, extra modifications are possible. In the meanwhile,
- as 4Mation know little or nothing about PCB design, I have offered them
- free technical support via Archive, so if you have problems please
- contact me.
- 7.7
- Vector was written, as was DrawPlus, by Jonathan Marten who is an
- engineer in the aerospace industry. He started using Acorn’s original
- Draw and found it lacking. So Jonathan started rewriting it. Eventually,
- he was satisfied and released the new program into PD as Draw1½. This
- was gradually upgraded and became DrawPlus. Then Jonathan teamed up with
- 4Mation, who put more ideas and improvements into the melting pot.
- 7.7
- The important points are that the program was written for the
- programmer’s own use. It is a ‘live’ program which still grows. It also
- seems that Jonathan is a very clear thinker as Vector is a major work
- which is very well thought out, useful for doing real things and copes
- very well with a lot of tasks which he himself never even considered. I
- suspect that he is never satisfied with his own work and, however good
- it is, always seeks something better.
- 7.7
- Jonathan has also written a utility to convert my LinTrack files to
- Vector and the resulting display looks really good and prints out
- extremely well (within the limitations of the original LinTrack file). I
- had initially thought that I would still use LinTrack and simply use
- Vector for printing out. I’m not so sure now − it looks as if I’ll do
- the design in Vector also.
- 7.7
- Special features
- 7.7
- Vector’s special features are its layers, its rulers and position
- readout, its ‘Overlay’ facility and its library. It also has facilities
- for merging and splitting objects. These all combine to make the package
- very versatile and powerful. My intention was that the rest of this
- article should consist of instructions on how to use these features,
- with special reference to PCB design, since these features are not
- covered very well in the manual. However, as there is such a pressure on
- space in Archive at the moment, Paul has decided to put the unexpurgated
- version on the monthly program disc in Impression format and as a text
- file and limit me to a summary!
- 7.7
- Summary
- 7.7
- Vector gives me, in a single package, a circuit design package, a PCB
- layout package, a technical drawing package and a general drawing
- package. I would love to find a dedicated PCB program which does better
- but I haven’t yet. In the meanwhile, I enjoy using Vector. Using Vector
- for everything also simplifies my learning curve. However, be warned:
- Vector has no design rules to help you with PCB work: Vector will only
- do what you tell it. It won’t fight you but it is so versatile that you
- may easily confuse yourself. It can do just about anything you want − so
- it can be very easy to make it do something you don’t want, especially
- with the use of layers and grouping, so organise your thoughts.
- 7.7
- I have several future articles planned but it would be interesting to
- know what you would like to see. How about PipeDream for parts listing,
- stock control, purchasing, letter answering, DTP and for general
- business use? I also want to get into SBase and how to use it for stock
- control. Circuit Analysis programs are on my list (a couple were
- reviewed last month) and I may also cover ArcFax and Prophet −
- incidentally Quentin Paine of Apricote Studios is working on a major
- update of this which I await with interest.
- 7.7
- RiscCAD
- 7.7
- Then there’s RiscCAD from Davyn Software. The programmer, David Buck,
- wants to write a PCB design package and I am in close contact with him.
- Now is your chance to tell the programmer exactly what you do or do not
- want in a program. All suggestions to me please. We could get the
- program we all want if we act quickly.
- 7.7
- Fastrax
- 7.7
- There is also Fastrax from Techsoft. A pre-release copy of this arrived
- by this afternoon’s post. It looks very promising indeed. There is, as
- yet, no manual but the program seems pretty much self-explanatory. I
- have had a long chat with the programmer and − would you believe it − he
- used to work for Linear Graphics so, in effect, the program is taking
- over the legacy of LinTrack. Maybe that’s why I find it so interesting −
- more on this is sure to follow.
- 7.7
- If you have ideas, suggestions, questions, etc, write to me, Richard
- Torrens, 30 Reach Road, Burwell, Cambridge, CB5 0AH (0638-741930). A
- 7.7
- New Outline Fonts on the Archimedes (2)
- 7.7
- Richard Hallas
- 7.7
- In Archive 7.3, p34, I examined a clutch of new fonts from ITC,
- Letraset, Monotype and URW, brought to the Acorn platform by the
- Datafile and LOOKsystems. The LOOKsystems Monotype conversions are
- packaged in sets of 100 typefaces, which makes them very cheap
- individually. These fonts are all official conversions, of the very
- highest quality, from some of the world’s greatest and longest-
- established sources of typefaces. They are all provided in both RISC OS2
- and RISC OS3 format, complete with full kerning data, hinting and
- scaffolding for each character, along with extra characters in some
- cases. (See the end of this article for some important new information
- about the Datafile’s font conversions.)
- 7.7
- The (legal) conversion of fonts from other platforms is a new thing to
- the Acorn world. Other fonts so far released have been created from
- scratch on Acorn machines. The Monotype conversions are sold,
- surprisingly, in a ‘budget’ form, with a pack of 100 faces working out
- overall at under £1 per face. Two new contenders have now entered the
- font scene in a similarly ‘budget pack’ form, but this time the fonts
- are in RISC OS 2 format only and have all been created on Acorn machines
- from scratch. Whilst they are not ‘official’ fonts in the same way as
- the Datafile and LOOKsystems conversions, they emulate existing styles
- and they are available very cheaply.
- 7.7
- The first is Dalmation Publications’ Font Library: 101 fancy fonts for
- £19.95 including p&p. The second is Tekoa Graphics’ Font Pack One: 25
- body text fonts for £22.75 including p&p.
- 7.7
- 101 Dalmations
- 7.7
- The Dalmation Publications Font Library consists of four discs
- containing 101 faces, which group into 41 families with between one and
- eight faces per family. The fonts are newly drawn on the Archimedes, but
- there are equivalent PostScript versions of most of the fonts, and a
- listing of correspondences between Acorn and PostScript names is
- available. The vast majority of the fonts have ‘hinting’ lines which
- ensure that bits of characters do not disappear when printed at small
- sizes, but only a small number have scaffolding lines. Being RISC OS2
- format, none of the fonts contain any kerning data.
- 7.7
- The Dalmation fonts do not attempt to be up to the standards of the
- ‘official’ conversions but the author, Toby Richards, claims that their
- quality is comparable with the fonts supplied with ArtWorks. In fact, I
- believe he is doing himself a disservice with this comparison. The
- ArtWorks fonts consist, in the main, of letters and numbers and a few
- other symbols, but otherwise have fairly empty character sets and hardly
- any contain hinting or scaffolding.
- 7.7
- The Dalmation fonts do contain full hinting (and sometimes scaffolding),
- and the character sets in virtually all the fonts are completely full.
- In fact, the Dalmation Font Library fonts follow the EFF Latin 1 layout,
- so in addition to all the standard Acorn Latin 1 characters, you also
- get a number of extras, including the superscript 4 which is included in
- EFF fonts but not in the standard Acorn layout. The accented W and Y
- characters, which are used in Welsh, are also provided. These are fairly
- rare inclusions in fonts other than those from EFF.
- 7.7
- Close examination of the characters reveals that the majority of them
- have been drawn to a very high standard. A few of the fonts are not
- particularly good, but the majority are very well defined indeed. It
- seems a bit of a pity that scaffolding lines are only present in a small
- number of the faces. The purpose of scaffolding lines is, in the main,
- to retain the correct proportions of letters regardless of the scaling
- factors used. Hinting lines (which are present in these fonts) ensure
- that thin parts of characters do not disappear when they are printed at
- small sizes. As the majority of these fonts are of the ‘fancy’ variety,
- they are more likely to be used at larger point sizes, so the absence of
- scaffolding doesn’t really make a great deal of difference.
- 7.7
- Although many of the faces are for display use, a number are suitable
- for use as body text. These include the elegant Boulevard, which is
- reminiscent of the font Acorn used in the older (RISC OS 2) manuals.
- Another elegant font which I particularly liked is Transworld − very
- modern, but quite suitable for body text use.
- 7.7
- As for truly fancy fonts, there are some real gems in this collection.
- The vampire-invoking Nosferatu font is very nicely designed, with
- letters that look as though they’ve been drawn in blood. Rather less
- gory is the Spotlight font. This makes an ideal companion to the
- ‘Broadway’ range (the official conversions of which are available from
- the Datafile) – it’s designed in the same style but is a new addition to
- the family. Open circles in the letters give the impression of attached
- light bulbs. A particularly interesting font is Hoedown, in which all
- the letters appear to be made out of planks of wood nailed together.
- (This is one of the very few fonts, though, which contains little other
- than the actual letters.)
- 7.7
- As well as body and fancy text fonts, the collection also contains a
- small number of very interesting specialised fonts. Checkmate provides
- monochrome illustrations of Chess and Draughts pieces, with and without
- shaded square backgrounds. (A similar font is available from EFF.)
- Handsign provides, as you might expect, a set of hand signs, and a
- family of three Zodiac fonts provide every conceivable astrological
- symbol. As well as the Zodiac signs, there are symbols for Chinese
- astrology, Chinese year pictorial symbols, Yin and Yang and I Ching
- signs. A ReadMe file on one of the discs explains what all the symbols
- in the Zodiac fonts are, and also details the keyboard layout of the
- Checkmate font. Further files on the disc provide general character
- layouts in Impression, Ovation and plain text formats. These provide a
- very useful reference.
- 7.7
- Although all the fonts are currently in RISC OS 2 format, Dalmation
- Publications intends to provide a RISC OS 3 upgrade for minimal cost at
- some point in the future.
- 7.7
- To sum up, the Dalmation Font Library provides really excellent value
- for money, considering that each face works out at slightly under 20p.
- The claim that this is “a commercial font library at a PD price” is
- entirely valid. A few of the fonts are a little bit lumpy but the vast
- majority of them are extremely well defined, and a few are nothing less
- than superb quality. The Zodiac signs, in particular, are very nicely
- created. At under £20, this collection is not to be sniffed at.
- 7.7
- It is important to remember that fonts available from some public domain
- sources are quite simply illegal, and are usually of very poor quality
- in any case. The Dalmation pack provides a large number of fonts at a
- public domain price, but they are legal and generally of excellent
- quality. Purchasers of Dalmation’s Font Book, published a couple of
- years ago, may be pleased to know that the best free fonts supplied with
- that publication have been included in this collection in an upgraded
- form. The fonts in this collection are, on the whole, of a very much
- higher quality than those supplied with ArtWorks. If you need any of the
- specialised fonts such as the Handsign or Zodiac faces, then the
- collection is well worth the asking price for those faces alone. I can
- recommend this font pack without reservation.
- 7.7
- (The illustration on the previous page shows a small sample of some of
- the more attractive and novel faces in the collection.)
- 7.7
- Tekoa Graphics Fonts
- 7.7
- Font Pack One from Tekoa Graphics consists of two 800Kb floppies (or one
- high density disc). There are 25 faces in total, divided into nine
- families of one, two or four faces each. In contrast to the generally
- fancy-font orientation of the Dalmation pack, the vast majority of the
- fonts supplied here are body text faces, and very widely recognised ones
- at that.
- 7.7
- The author, Roger Amos (who has also written several books about Acorn
- computers), describes the fonts as being ‘inspired by’ existing designs.
- Versions of the popular fonts University, Benguiat, Bookman, Zapf
- Chancery, Garamond, Optima and Palladio are provided (each having
- similar-sounding but different names), along with a couple of extras,
- namely a display font called Matrix and a cyrillic font called Moscow,
- whose design appears to be based on Bodoni.
- 7.7
- (The illustration top right of this page shows the main face in each
- family.)
- 7.7
- The fonts are in RISC OS 2 format, without kerning data but including
- full scaffolding and hinting. They do not claim to be PostScript
- compatible − they have all been drawn from scratch by hand, and employ
- slightly revised and simplified designs in some cases. Certainly, you
- should not expect them to appear identical to their ‘official’
- counterparts with the original names. Nevertheless, they do a perfectly
- good impersonation of the standard fonts, and they are perfectly useable
- as body fonts. A good illustration of this is that Roger Amos typeset
- his book ArtWorks Made Easy (published by Dabs Press) using the Garland
- font (the Garamond equivalent) in this pack. Another tribute to the
- quality of these fonts is the fact that some of them are supplied as
- standard with Risc Developments’ Ovation DTP package. However, the fonts
- have been revised and updated, and the latest versions are presented in
- this collection.
- 7.7
- All the fonts in the pack contain full character sets with the exception
- of Matrix and Moscow, which are rather specialised. A drawfile showing
- the keyboard layout of the Moscow font is supplied. However, the mid-
- range characters are not included in any of the fonts (unlike the
- Dalmation offerings). This effectively means that you can’t use these
- fonts in Welsh − otherwise it’s of pretty minor importance.
- 7.7
- The fonts in this pack work out at 91p each, which certainly makes them
- very good value. As a starter pack, the range of fonts provided gives an
- excellent introductory selection of popular faces. However, in all
- fairness, I have to compare them to the Monotype fonts from LOOKsystems,
- as the individual prices of each font are virtually the same from both
- suppliers. Although the LOOKsystems pack is four times as expensive as
- the Tekoa pack, you do get four times as many fonts, so it all works out
- the same in the end. The LOOKsystems fonts are PostScript compatible
- RISC OS 3 conversions of world-class fonts with full kerning data,
- whereas the Tekoa fonts are RISC OS 2 format fonts which are drawn from
- scratch and are therefore not PostScript compatible. Although, to the
- majority of Acorn users, PostScript compatibility simply isn’t a valid
- concern, it is important to remember that the Monotype fonts (and indeed
- the ITC, Letraset and URW fonts from the Datafile) are the absolute top
- quality original designs created by famous world-class type designers
- such as Hermann Zapf. I also believe that kerning pairs, now that they
- are available in Acorn fonts, should be provided wherever possible.
- Kerning is important, and makes an appreciable difference to the
- presentational quality of a document. I hope that Tekoa Graphics will
- consider updating the fonts to included kerning data − it would
- certainly make them even more useful and better value. Of course,
- kerning data is more relevant to body text fonts than to display faces.
- 7.7
- The Tekoa Graphics Font Pack One is, I believe, very good value
- (especially when compared with fonts on other platforms) but I am unable
- to recommend it unreservedly simply because you can get better quality
- original Monotype fonts for the same price per face. However, you do
- have to buy the Monotype fonts in packs of 100 at a time, which makes
- them collectively quite expensive as a one-off purchase. The Tekoa font
- pack is a quarter the price, and of all the Monotype fonts that have
- been converted so far, only Garamond is common to both packs. Ovation
- users may be less inclined to get this pack, as three of the font
- families it contains (Bookmark, Chaucer and Paladin) are simply upgrades
- to fonts supplied with their program. However, these fonts comprise an
- excellent starter pack, and if you need these particular faces, this is
- a very economical way of getting high quality equivalents.
- 7.7
- Datafile’s Fonts
- 7.7
- The licensing conditions concerning the Datafile’s excellent conversions
- of various classic fonts, have been re-negotiated. As well as a
- reduction in prices, a pick and mix service is now available.
- 7.7
- Previously, entire families had to be supplied singly on separate discs,
- with the first face costing £10 and subsequent faces costing £5, and
- this condition was imposed by the previous licensing agreement. However,
- the Datafile has managed to re-negotiate the deal and can now supply
- fonts at a reduced rate of £7 for the first face. You are also free to
- select any number of faces from any number of font families at a time,
- and they will all be supplied on a single disc. This is very much more
- economical, as you can now, for example, buy just the regular small caps
- face from Antiqua for £7, rather than having to shell out £70 for the
- whole set of 16 faces!
- 7.7
- Regardless of how many faces you buy, you receive them on a disc in a
- very attractive and economically-sized plastic wallet. The ability to
- pick exactly which faces you want, is a significant advance for the
- Datafile. It’s a condition which is not available to purchasers of these
- fonts on other platforms and it is also worth stating that rather than
- the £7 (maximum) which the faces cost in their Acorn-format conversions,
- on the other platforms they cost £35 each, five times the amount!
- 7.7
- Although these conversions may seem a little expensive compared with the
- LOOKsystems Monotype ones, it is the nature of the Datafile’s licensing
- conditions which determine the price. It is important to remember that
- these fonts are of the highest possible quality, and come from some of
- the world’s top designers. For example, Classico is Hermann Zapf’s
- modern (1990s) reworking of of the classic Optima font. It’s a real
- beauty.
- 7.7
- I am told that demand for these fonts from the Acorn community is
- currently rather small. I believe it is very important for the Acorn
- world generally that the conversions continue, so if you need any new,
- top quality fonts I urge you to have a look at these. The Datafile has
- had a lot of interest from PC owners desperate to buy the fonts at the
- Acorn prices. Unfortunately the Datafile cannot currently supply the
- fonts in anything other than Acorn format, so the PC users will have to
- go on paying top prices. However, the lack of interest from Acorn owners
- indicates that they don’t know what a good thing they are missing! It
- would be a tragedy if the Datafile had to stop converting these
- excellent fonts because it was unable to gain revenue from them.
- 7.7
- Since the first article in Archive 7.3, the Datafile has been busy
- converting many more fonts, and they now total over 100 faces in more
- than 30 families. My personal favourites are ITC Panache and URW
- Commercial Script, both extremely attractive faces which I use a great
- deal. A
- 7.7
- A sample of the fonts added since the last review.
- 7.7
- 16-bit Digital Audio − Part 2
- 7.7
- David Lenthall
- 7.7
- Last month I looked at the theory and possibilities of 16-bit audio
- expansion cards. This month I will look at four of the products which
- are imminently, if not actually, available. As mentioned last month,
- these products fall into two sub-categories − audio samplers and
- wavetable synthesizers, with two offerings in each category.
- 7.7
- 16-bit audio has been around for some time now and the associated
- integrated circuits have come down in price. All of the cards covered
- here are around the £300 mark, a quarter of the asking price for
- Armadillo’s ill-fated A616 of a few years ago. Additionally, most of the
- new cards provide more functionality than the basic A-D-A of the A616.
- 7.7
- I feel I should emphasise that I have not had any of these products for
- trial in my own home, and that my assessment is based on demonstrations
- and discussions in October at the Acorn World Show and at the recent
- BETT Show, with additional information having been gleaned from numerous
- telephone conversations with the respective companies. Also, as two of
- the cards are currently pre-release, some of the information is
- provisional. The information was current on 17th January 1994.
- 7.7
- Wild Vision / Computer Concepts’ Lark A16
- 7.7
- This is the latest product to come from this dual-company collaboration:
- Wild Vision handling the hardware design and CC dealing with the
- software development. This single width podule is the cheapest of all
- the products considered here, a no-nonsense design providing stereo 16-
- bit A-D and D-A converters capable of sampling at one of four fixed
- frequencies: 8, 12, 44.1 and 48kHz. A Midi interface is included and the
- release version will be able to intercept both incoming and outgoing
- Midi commands to activate sample playback.
- 7.7
- To save on development time, the Lark is based to a large extent on the
- audio section of their Eagle card (except that that only provides 12-bit
- sampling).
- 7.7
- The bundled AudioWorks sample-editing software can play back at various
- frequencies enabling pitch transposition, etc. AudioWorks also supports
- a wide range of file formats, both native and foreign, including the PC
- WAV format. AudioWorks is also available separately (£49 +VAT), and CC
- intend to release driver modules to enable it to be used with other
- manufacturers’ A-D-A cards.
- 7.7
- A separate application, AudioCtrl (also included), controls the audio
- flow through the Lark. Thus, it is possible to direct the internal sound
- system out via the Lark’s D-A or to monitor the output of the A-D stage
- using the Archimedes’ internal loudspeaker.
- 7.7
- There is a possibility of including a Yamaha-based FM synthesis section
- on the card, though this is very provisional. I don’t want to go into
- the details here, but FM synthesis doesn’t compare very favourably with
- wavetable synthesis, particularly if you want any warm lush sounds. Nice
- tuned percussion and ‘synthy’ brass are a real possibility though.
- 7.7
- The facility to sample/play directly to/from hard disc is still under
- development, though it will be present on the release product. However,
- as AudioWorks cannot handle samples larger than can be held in RAM, it
- could not be used in its current form for full HD recording
- applications. As Impression can handle documents larger than the
- available RAM size, this is not an insurmountable problem, as similar
- techniques could be used here.
- 7.7
- WV/CC seem to be aiming this product at the multimedia market, producing
- sound files for use with Replay, etc. They have no plans to produce full
- HD recording software, as that’s not really their field. Any such
- software will have to come from third party developers.
- 7.7
- Given the pedigree, I was very optimistic about this product, though
- personally I feel that it comes a little short of the mark. The quality
- of construction is of the very high standard we’ve come to expect from
- Wild Vision, though functionally it isn’t as versatile as some of the
- other cards on offer. For example, they have no plans to extend the
- initial design to include a DSP chip or S/PDIF connectors. However, I
- must stress that this opinion is based on my particular requirements,
- and that for most people’s needs WV/CC have come up with an attractive
- product at a very attractive price.
- 7.7
- Irlam − Soundcard
- 7.7
- This product is similar to the Lark − a single width podule providing
- stereo 16-bit A-D and D-A converters − although it is capable of
- sampling at a wider range of fixed frequencies including CD and DAT
- standards, but it is lacking a Midi interface.
- 7.7
- The higher price is due partly to the presence of an Analog Devices 2105
- DSP chip. At the moment, this is only used to control the A-D and D-A
- hardware, though they plan to upgrade the software, making use of the
- DSP to provide real-time sample file compression (to save on RAM and
- disc space), fourier filtering and audio effects.
- 7.7
- The software on demonstration at the Acorn World show was an HD
- recorder/playback system with a simple control panel providing record,
- play and stop controls, along with the means to change the sampling
- rate, samples being saved in WAV format. A couple of utilities are
- included, one enabling the waveform to be displayed and allowing the
- conversion of samples to a number of different formats, and the other
- enabling Wimp SWIs to be intercepted to activate samples (e.g. the sound
- of a door closing whenever you click on any window’s close icon).
- 7.7
- Although a Midi interface is not included, future versions may allow
- Midi commands to be intercepted and used to activate samples. This would
- certainly be more practical than the gimmicky interception of Wimp SWIs.
- However, this would require the additional expense of a separate Midi
- card, and the subsequent loss of yet another podule slot.
- 7.7
- At the BETT show they were demonstrating a prototype of an HD Recorder.
- The software allows four input tracks and two output tracks, so you can
- load in two separate stereo samples, and cut and paste from those,
- building a new stereo sample in the output tracks. Although this is
- currently at an early stage, they intend to include a more comprehensive
- range of editing processes including cross fades, audio effects, etc.
- Even at this early stage, the editing software can edit samples bigger
- than RAM, i.e. from hard disc, which is not possible with AudioWorks.
- The presence of the DSP chip means that there is a lot of processing
- power available and, consequently, considerable scope for development of
- this sort of software.
- 7.7
- According to Irlam, most of their cards sold so far are being used in
- conjunction with Replay, although, unlike the Lark, this is more suited
- to full HD recording applications in addition to multimedia.
- 7.7
- Expressive Software Products’ SS1600
- 7.7
- This is a little different from the Wild Vision and Irlam products in
- that it is essentially a 16-bit digital synthesizer on a card. The
- SS1600 is the first of a range of products collectively known as the
- Super Sound Expansion System (SSES).
- 7.7
- The input and output electronics (D-A and Midi) are housed in an
- external case which connects to a single width podule (containing the
- synthesizer) which is installed in the Archimedes. This route was chosen
- because there are too many connectors to fit on a single width podule.
- It also provides other advantages − the sensitive audio circuitry is
- removed from the electrically hostile environment of the computer,
- thereby improving sound quality, and it allows expandability whilst
- using only one podule slot − and expandability is another aspect which
- sets this product apart from the previous two.
- 7.7
- The chip set used is the same as found in the Ensoniq ESQ-1 synthesizer,
- a professional Midi keyboard retailing at around the £1000 mark, and in
- the SS1600, it is under the control of an onboard 68000 processor. DSP
- type functions are provided as part of the synthesis process allowing
- multi-effects processing, though an actual DSP chip is not present. ESP
- plan to include one on future versions, though this is fairly
- provisional at the moment.
- 7.7
- The synthesizer uses a 4Mb ROM containing wavetables providing 128
- instruments and 49 drum sounds which conform to the GM standard. The
- synthesizer is 32 note polyphonic and 16-part multitimbral. Planned,
- though not yet implemented, is provision of 64Kb (expandable to 4Mb) of
- private sample RAM into which instruments designed or captured by the
- user may be loaded.
- 7.7
- A Midi interface is included, and Midi commands can be intercepted to
- activate the synthesizer voices or samples (held in RAM or on disc). The
- synthesizer section is treated as a separate (Midi) port, so a full 16
- Midi channels are available to it without encroaching on those of the
- Midi port proper. To make full use of this aspect, a sequencer capable
- of addressing multiple Midi ports is required.
- 7.7
- Although there is a 16-bit stereo D-A converter used both for sample
- playback and by the synthesizer section, at present there is no A-D
- stage, so capturing samples isn’t yet feasible. The A-D stage, along
- with S/PDIF connectors and sample RAM, represents stage two of the
- product which is scheduled to appear in March/April. A number of
- different sample file formats can be played via the D-A section, and the
- replay rate can be set to any frequency between 1Hz and 60kHz in 1Hz
- steps.
- 7.7
- Also planned for later release is a range of software, including a
- sample editor, a synthesizer (enabling control of the Ensoniq chip set),
- and an integrated HD recorder / Midi sequencer. I have been assured that
- the various upgrades including the software packages will all be
- reasonably priced − the A-D stage will cost an additional £100, or
- thereabouts, which indeed seems reasonable. Even at the revised price
- (£249 −−> £299), the SS1600 certainly packs a lot for the money.
- 7.7
- Vertical Twist
- 7.7
- The prototype which was on show at Acorn World is similar in concept to
- ESP’s offering, though they seemed unsure at that time about what form
- any final product would take. They seemed to be dipping their toes in
- the water, getting feedback from punters like myself, to assess the
- demand.
- 7.7
- The prototype comprised a 16-bit wavetable-based synthesizer section,
- using Kurzweil chips, and a Midi interface. There is a 4Mb wavetable ROM
- providing over 700 instruments (including percussion). The instruments
- are arranged in three banks, one of which contains a GM compatible set.
- An onboard 68000 processor is used to control the synthesizer, and the
- Kurzweil chip set includes a DSP chip to provide digital effects. They
- have no plans to include onboard sample RAM, so you are stuck with the,
- admittedly superb, supplied sounds.
- 7.7
- Kurzweil is generally considered to be the ‘Rolls Royce’ amongst
- samplers − the authenticity of their sounds represents the state of the
- art in sampling technology. It is this quality that determines the
- higher price of this product over ESP’s SS1600.
- 7.7
- A stereo 16-bit A-D-A card is planned as a separate product, to be
- released towards the end of 1994. The synthesizer card is housed on a
- small daughter-board which plugs directly into one of two podule cards,
- either a cheap carrier board, should you only want the synthesizer, or
- the A-D-A board, should you want both. This ensures that only one podule
- slot is used whether you buy either or both products (the carrier board
- is redundant if you opt for both).
- 7.7
- As implied above, this is all still fairly provisional and the final
- specification may well change.
- 7.7
- Conclusions
- 7.7
- The WV/CC and Irlam cards are aimed at similar markets, primarily
- multimedia support requiring soundfile capture and replay. Unless you
- are specifically interested in full HD Recording applications and want
- the DSP features of the Irlam card (not yet implemented) then I would
- recommend that you would do better to buy the WV/CC product, saving a
- hundred quid and gaining a Midi interface.
- 7.7
- For me, however, the most exciting product is the offering from ESP.
- Although it’s not all there yet, they have ambitious (though not
- unrealistic) plans concerning developing the system and in providing
- professional application software. The GM standard synthesizer is, of
- course, well suited to multimedia applications, though it can also
- function in the wider context as a component within a full-blown Midi
- setup. Once the A-D section is available, this product will have all the
- functionality of the WV and Irlam cards (except Irlam’s DSP) in addition
- to its synthesis capabilities. Given this versatility, the price is
- extremely attractive.
- 7.7
- More and more top-end wavetable-based synthesizers are now providing
- sample RAM allowing the user to extend the machine’s default wavetable
- palette. For owners of such synthesizers, the ESP system will provide a
- highly cost-effective means of capturing, editing and testing samples
- prior to transfer (via Midi) into the synthesizer.
- 7.7
- Sensibly, none of these three products has been limited regarding sample
- file formats.
- 7.7
- I feel that Vertical Twist may have left things a little late. The user
- demand which they have been assessing will most likely be absorbed by
- the other products because they will be available sooner. On the other
- hand, if you are one of those people who won’t be satisfied with
- anything but the best, and for whom cost is not the issue, then the
- Kurzweil-based Vertical Twist product, should it appear, is for you.
- 7.7
- Concerning differences between the ESP and Vertical Twist designs. The
- Ensoniq chip set (as used on ESP’s card) provides a powerful synthesis
- engine, enabling considerable variation of the sounds available, whereas
- the Kurzweil chip set (as used by Vertical Twist) is essentially a high
- quality sample player which concentrates on realism.
- 7.7
- As I close (17th Jan) only the Irlam and ESP cards are actually
- available, though the other two hope to be ready to dispatch in the
- first quarter of 1994.
- 7.7
- I wholeheartedly welcome each of these products. The Archimedes has a
- wealth of quality packages aimed at the visual medium − painting and DTP
- programs, image scanners and printer management, and it really is high
- time that audio/musical applications should be similarly addressed. I
- now know what’s next on my shopping list. A
- 7.7
- Manufacturer Wild Vision / CC Irlam ESP Vertical Twist
- 7.7
- Product name Lark A16 SoundCard SS1600 (SSES)
- 7.7
- A-D 16 bit 16 bit 16 bit (Mar/Apr ’94) 16 bit } Codec
- 7.7
- D-A 16 bit 16 bit 16 bit 16 bit }
- 7.7
- Sample rate: 4 x fixed rates Wide range fixed 3 x fixed rates Wide
- range fixed
- 7.7
- CD (44.1kHz) Yes Yes Yes Yes
- 7.7
- DAT (32/48kHz) Yes (48kHz only) Yes (both) Neither Yes (both)
- 7.7
- Playback rates 1Hz − 60kHz (1Hz res.)
- 7.7
- Digital In/Out No No S/PDIF (Mar/Apr ’94)
- 7.7
- Wavetable Synth: No (but see text) No Ensoniq chip set Kurzweil chip
- set
- 7.7
- Polyphony − − 32 32
- 7.7
- Multi-timbral − − 16 part 16 part
- 7.7
- Instruments (ROM) − − 128 + 49 perc (4Mb) 700+, inc perc (4Mb)
- 7.7
- GM compatible − − Yes Yes
- 7.7
- Wavetable RAM − − 64K-4Mb (Mar/Apr ’94) No
- 7.7
- DSP chip No AD2105 (Codec) (Possibly later) Yes + 68000 (Syn)
- 7.7
- Midi: IN/OUT/THRU No IN/OUT/THRU IN/OUT/THRU
- 7.7
- Acorn compatible Yes − Yes Yes
- 7.7
- Cmds intercepted In & Out (possibly later) In & Out In & Out
- 7.7
- Software: AudioWorks (inc) HD Rec (edit later) MidiFile player (inc)
- MidiFile player (inc)
- 7.7
- AudioCtrl (inc) WimpSWI FX (inc) HD Rec (extra, later)
- 7.7
- Midi Seq (extra, later)
- 7.7
- Price: £233.83 inc VAT £351.33 inc VAT £351.33 inc VAT Syn/Midi −
- £399 (prov)
- 7.7
- A-D − ~ £100 extra A-D-A − £299 (prov)
- 7.7
- Availability Mar/Apr ’94 Sep ’93 Jan ’94 Feb ’94, end of ’94
- 7.7
- 16-bit sound cards − Comparison of main features
- 7.7
- JPEG Column
- 7.7
- Stuart Bell
- 7.7
- VIDC bottle-necks – yet again!
- 7.7
- In January, I concluded that when using 256 colour modes, an A310 with
- 8MHz main memory (even with an ARM3) offers only 40% of the performance
- of an A5000 with memory running at 12MHz. I reported also that the
- Watford Electronics VIDC enhancer seemed to generate a further overhead
- of about 30% when driving an SVGA monitor at its synthesised VGA-
- standard 25.175MHz pixel rate compared with the performance obtained
- using the monitor without the enhancer and its software, at the
- theoretically incorrect 24MHz. Since then I’ve been experimenting with
- making the enhancer software use the 24MHz clock for certain modes.
- (Reference to the article “Modes, Megahertz and Monitors” in Archive 7.3
- p9 may help those who feel ‘terminologically challenged’.) My conclusion
- is that modes 27 and 28 can work quite happily at 24MHz, but that modes
- 20 and 21 have to be driven at 25.175MHz if they are not to over-fill
- the screen in 640×480 VGA mode. The results are quite impressive. What
- takes 43 seconds in mode 28 at 25.175MHz (and 48 seconds in mode 21)
- takes only 33 seconds in mode 28 at 24MHz. That’s right: Slowing down
- the pixel clock by 4.7% gives a 20%+ speed-up, and mode 28 becomes 30%
- faster than the marginally larger mode 21. Presumably, just that slight
- reduction in pixel rate means that the VIDC allows the ARM3 processor a
- greater share of memory bandwidth, with a consequent increase in
- computation speed.
- 7.7
- If anyone else who has the Watford VGA enhancer wants a copy of my
- module, just drop me a line and a disc. If anyone with a ‘newer’ machine
- which can produce both the 24MHz and 25.175MHz pixel clocks has the
- software to produce similar modes with different clock rates, I’d be
- very interested to hear of their results. The final result is that all
- my JPEG (and MPEG) conversions will run more than 20% faster than ever
- before – a worthwhile benefit.
- 7.7
- OneFor94
- 7.7
- Since its inception, this column has always been well supported by
- Archive members from mainland Europe. Now, Lars Fiolöp has written to
- tell me of a new implementation of the JPEG algorithm which he found on
- a bulletin board. Called “OneFor94”, it apparently optimises the
- compression algorithm with 256 colour modes, by selecting a custom
- pallette from the 16bpp or 24bpp original, and choosing a ‘best-match’
- 256 colours from the 32Kb or 16Mb+ of the original to achieve up to a
- 94:1 compression ratio − hence the title of the software. At the moment,
- its only functional on Unix systems but, being written in ISO ‘C’ (with
- one or two K&R extensions), should be portable without too much
- difficulty. More details next time.
- 7.7
- 12MHz RAM speed-up?
- 7.7
- Dennis Silverwood of IFEL responded to my enquiry about their idea of a
- couple of years ago of speeding up the RAM of A300 and A400 series
- machines to run at 12MHz and hence, with an ARM3, give the power of an
- A5000. Their hope had been to speed up not just the RAM but the whole
- machine. Sadly, they found that, because of differences between
- different machines, (e.g. the speed of RAM), it was not a practicable
- idea. Ah well, nice thought!
- 7.7
- Irlam’s !ImageBank
- 7.7
- Irlam Instruments have recently announced a range of scanners, including
- the first hand-held colour scanner for the Archimedes. Of course, colour
- sprite files can be very large, which is where JPEG comes in. Irlam have
- also produced their own JPEG package – !ImageBank. A few months ago, I
- was rather critical of a demo version of this software – largely on the
- grounds of speed – whilst admitting that the full package might be worth
- investigating. I’ve now received the latest version (0.46) for review,
- and I’m quite impressed. Effectively, !ImageBank works as a filing
- system for JPEG images, storing the JPEG file, a thumb-nail sprite and a
- text description for each picture. It is the first commercial JPEG
- product which I’ve come across and seems to have been implemented rather
- well.
- 7.7
- Existing sprites produced with, for example, scanners or digitisers, can
- be compressed in the manner familiar to users of other JPEG packages.
- This is achieved simply by dragging the sprite file onto an !ImageBank
- directory display. A dialogue window then allows a title and source
- information to be stored alongside the new JPEG file, and the
- ‘thumbnail’ view is stored as a small sprite. This means that you can
- get an idea of what each image contains before decompressing the picture
- from JPEG to sprite format. The usual range of JPEG compression options
- – for example the “Q” factor – can be user-defined. The filer-like
- window of each collection of pictures (which may have a nested directory
- structure for the thematic grouping of images) can display either just
- the thumbnail images or, additionally, the textual information
- associated with each one. Images can be moved around such collections
- simply by dragging and dropping in the usual manner.
- 7.7
- The sprites produced when a JPEG file is decompresed can be saved in 256
- grey, 256 colour (standard or optimised), 32,000 colour or 16M colour
- formats. The ‘Clear’ file format is also supported. Each directory
- heading gives both the total compressed and de-compressed sizes of the
- images which it contains. An entry of (585K/7289K) is typical, and
- reminds us of the benefits of the JPEG approach.
- 7.7
- To benchmark !ImageBank, I tested version 0.46 against !JView (version
- 0.07) and !FYEO (version 1.02) for a number of 256 colour JPEG files.
- Tests were performed on an ARM3-powered A310 in mode 28 (with a 24MHz
- pixel clock!)
- 7.7
- Image !JView !FYEO !I-Bank
- 7.7
- Fruit (398×302) 10s 14s 21s
- 7.7
- Pfieffer (472×647) 24s 31s 52s
- 7.7
- Rock (668×888) 53s 67s 130s
- 7.7
- Quality is harder to assess. !ImageBank is based on the latest Version 4
- routines of the IJG, and the results are very good. Output sprites seem
- smoother than !FYEO’s and – especially – !JView’s images.
- 7.7
- To conclude, !ImageBank offers an excellent, polished, JPEG-based image
- storage and retrieval facility. It is a product that requires little
- technical knowledge to use and it implements a well thought-out filing
- system that is essential for storing any collection of more than a few
- scanned or digitised images. Trying to manage such an archive without
- !ImageBank but with, say, !JPEGit and !FYEO, would be much harder,
- primarily because of the absence of !ImageBank’s ‘thumbnail’ facility.
- 7.7
- I suspect that !ImageBank is slower than some other JPEG applications
- because it supports 32k colour and 16M colour sprite files. Perhaps a
- global option to make it work only with 8bpp images would speed things
- up a little. However, its ability to work transparently with 8bpp, 16bpp
- and 24/32bpp images will become increasingly important in the future,
- especially for users of separate display cards or the new Acorn machine.
- I shall be using !ImageBank to store all my JPEG images. If you are
- serious about using JPEG for economic image storage, then this package
- is warmly recommended – but it would be even better if it were a little
- faster.
- 7.7
- ImageBank costs £25 +VAT from Irlam Instruments or £28 through
- Archive. A
- 7.7
- ImageBank’s “Thumbnail only” display format
- 7.7
- ImageBank’s ⇩“Full Info” display format
- 7.7
- Comms Guide − Part 2
- 7.7
- Eddie Lord
- 7.7
- My last epic on modems (Archive 5.8 p49) aimed to give an understanding
- of the comms process and a passing acquaintance with the jargon. Now I
- want to cover the more practical aspects of ‘going on line’.
- 7.7
- Buying the modem
- 7.7
- Referring back to the previous article will give you sufficient
- understanding of the jargon to allow you to purchase a modem with
- confidence. With the Archimedes, you have essentially two choices.
- 7.7
- 1) A free standing external unit with its own mains supply, that
- connects to your serial port, via a serial cable. An external modem has
- the advantage of lots of pretty LEDs, usually nine, on the front panel
- that help with troubleshooting. An external unit does, however, take up
- valuable desk space, an extra power socket and, if it is not supplied,
- you may require a serial cable to connect to the computer. With more
- than one computer, however, the modem can easily be switched from one to
- the other, with only the serial cable to be changed depending on the
- architecture, Acorn, Mac, PC, etc.
- 7.7
- 2) A pocket modem (about the size of a mouse), that is powered by
- battery, or AC adaptors. The major advantage is size, making it easy to
- take away with you if you have a portable. There are a limited number of
- LED’s, usually three or four to help with troubleshooting. Of course,
- you pay an extra premium for the reduced size.
- 7.7
- There is, as far as I know, no internal modem podule for the Acorn range
- of computers, and even Computer Concepts’ Fax Pack is going out of
- production.
- 7.7
- Features
- 7.7
- When buying a modem, look out for the following:-
- 7.7
- • an internal speaker
- 7.7
- • Hayes compatibility
- 7.7
- • Tone dialling
- 7.7
- • Compatible with Comm ports 3 & 4 (if used on a PC)
- 7.7
- • Minimum of V21, V22, V22bis (V23 is a Europe only standard and is
- falling out of favour as the higher standards become the norm.)
- 7.7
- • Compression using MNP5, V42 bis
- 7.7
- • Error correction MNP4, V42
- 7.7
- For a more advanced modem, V32 (9600bps) is the next step, but puts up
- the cost.
- 7.7
- V22bis (2400 bps) is about as fast as you can go without any error
- correction. If the phone line is bad, some sort of error correction will
- be required. (V42 and MNP 5 are now the minimum requirements.)
- 7.7
- For modems boasting 9600bps (V32), 14400 (V32bis) or more, error
- correction and compression techniques become essential. In this case,
- V42 is the best error correction standard, whilst V42bis is the best
- data compression protocol. It is worth it in a portable modem as time on
- an international call can be expensive!
- 7.7
- There is no point in buying a modem that is better than the BBS system
- you are going to access, but technology is changing so fast and BBS
- systems are updating all the time, so do get the best you can afford.
- 7.7
- The Archive BBS sports 14400bps (v32bis) but Compuserve is only 9600bps,
- (but even Compuserve is updating to 14400)!
- 7.7
- There is no doubt that, if you are serious about downloading really long
- files and can afford the outlay, a 14400 modem is the answer. Remember:
- the faster the modem, the cheaper the phone calls!
- 7.7
- Fax modems
- 7.7
- One other consideration when buying a modem is the FaxModem.
- Increasingly, modems are being offered with fax facilities built in. If
- you are buying a modem anyway, it makes a lot of sense to include the
- extra fax facilities in the modem. The price difference is only about
- £15 to £30 extra, so well worth the extra.
- 7.7
- A traditional fax machine consists of a relatively low resolution
- scanner (200dpi), internal 9600 bps ‘fax’ only modem, and a thermal
- printer.
- 7.7
- A Faxmodem does away with scanner and printer and combines the ‘fax’ and
- normal ‘data’ modems together. However, this has both advantages and
- disadvantages.
- 7.7
- Some of the advantages are:
- 7.7
- • A faxmodem sends very clear and readable messages, as there is no
- scanning involved, (scanning degrades the quality).
- 7.7
- • It is also great for faxing the same message to several addresses,
- which can be automated via a mail-merge package.
- 7.7
- • Messages are received in the background and can be saved to disc
- directly. They can then be printed out at leisure on plain paper.
- Special thermal fax paper is not required.
- 7.7
- Some of the disadvantages are:
- 7.7
- • A faxmodem can only send information generated in the computer by the
- wordprocessor, spreadsheet or other program.
- 7.7
- • A separate scanner is required for sending a fax of pictures/letters
- not generated in the computer. However, a separate scanner will give a
- better resolution (typically 400dpi or better) than a standard fax
- machine. You also get chance to manipulate the image before finally
- faxing it.
- 7.7
- • In order to receive faxes, the computer has to be either switched on
- all the time, or to use an automatic switch on and boot up option. This
- may not be desirable if you are away for any length of time, although
- the monitor can be left switched off.
- 7.7
- • Dedicated software is required to run the fax side of things, but is
- available from the likes of David Pilling.
- 7.7
- Ensure that the faxmodem is compatible with Group 3 fax machines. That’s
- CCITT V29 (9600bps), V27ter (4800bps). Check to see if you can send and
- RECEIVE.
- 7.7
- The answer is to shop around. In the last year or so, prices have been
- falling and facilities improving on most modems. A BT-approved modem
- carries an extra premium of about £50 or so.
- 7.7
- Understanding PC Comm ports
- 7.7
- Archimedes owners can skip this bit (stop giggling). For those of you
- who have bought 386/486 expansion boards or use the emulator, some words
- of explanation may be appropriate.
- 7.7
- Here we have to make the distinction between the serial port and the
- comm ports. The serial port is the D connector on the back of the
- computer, marked ‘serial’. The comm ports are the internal addresses to
- which these serial ports, internal cards and some other add ons (e.g.
- mouse), can be assigned.
- 7.7
- Beware, though, IBM laid down the standards for Comm Ports 1 and 2,
- other software writers have different interpretations of what is defined
- as Comm Ports 3 and 4. (So much for industry standards!) This can create
- problems with some PC expansion cards.
- 7.7
- An internal modem uses an expansion slot, and requires a comm port. You
- do not need to connect the internal modem to a serial port as the
- internal modem has the serial port built into itself.
- 7.7
- A computer works on ‘hardware interrupts’ and the comm ports share these
- interrupts. Comm Port 1 and 3 share the same interrupt as do Comm Port 2
- and 4. The upshot of this is that any shared interrupt must not conflict
- with the other device of the pair. For example, a mouse in Comm port 1
- and a modem in Comm port 3 may crash the machine if the mouse is moved
- whilst trying to use the modem. A similar problem will occur if the
- modem and mouse are allocated the same Comm port.
- 7.7
- On a PC, the mouse is often allocated to Comm port 1, so the modem
- should be allocated to Comm port 2 or 4.
- 7.7
- Aleph One 386/486 expansion boards and the emulator use a bus mouse
- driver so use Comm port 1.
- 7.7
- What you need to get started
- 7.7
- 1) Modem (See above)
- 7.7
- 2) Computer − Any computer will do (there is nothing magic about a 386
- or a 486) as long as it has a serial port and suitable software, it will
- work.
- 7.7
- 3) Suitable cables − the serial connection between the modem and
- computer differ between different makes of computer (Acorn, Apple,
- IBM’s, etc). The modem is often supplied with a standard cable but you
- will need to check for your own requirements. (e.g. Acorn machines use a
- smaller 9pin D connector for the serial port.)
- 7.7
- 4) Phone socket nearby − it may be advantageous to change the single
- phone outlet to a double, so that both modem and phone can be plugged in
- together.
- 7.7
- 5) Software − buying a modem is not enough in itself to get you on line.
- You will need some sort of comms software that will turn your fancy
- machine into a dumb terminal. There are plenty of comms applications for
- the Archimedes, ranging from Serial Port’s ArcTerm 7 (£74) to David
- Pilling’s RISC OS Terminals Plus at £18. ProComm Plus works well with
- the emulator and Aleph One PC cards.
- 7.7
- The comms software will allow you to download any files you wish, which
- can then be handled by the wordprocessor or run as a program as
- appropriate.
- 7.7
- What the software will do for you
- 7.7
- This is the heart of the matter as all your comms will be done through
- this software. The software will allow you to:
- 7.7
- • Set up a dialling directory, giving full details of each BBS you
- require
- 7.7
- • Dial and connect you to the required BBS
- 7.7
- • Automatically enter your name and password when requested by the BBS
- 7.7
- • Download files from the BBS to your computer
- 7.7
- • Upload files or letters from your computer to the BBS
- 7.7
- • Hang up the phone line
- 7.7
- • Keep a log of all your calls
- 7.7
- • Allow full control of all the setup protocols, handshaking and screen
- controls, etc. These are retained on the hard disc, so only need to be
- set up once.
- 7.7
- Setting up the modem
- 7.7
- Read the instructions, connect serial and telephone cables and set any
- DIP switches or links as appropriate for the CCITT standards and not the
- Bell standards. Also, set any DIP switches (if provided) to allow the CD
- and DTR lines to follow the state of the serial line rather than being
- forced high, (see modem manual). Ensure that AT commands are selected
- (again if this is an option provided).
- 7.7
- Many of the newer modems have a programmable non-volatile memory
- (NOVRAM). In other words, it doesn’t forget its settings when the modem
- is unplugged from the mains. This NOVRAM memory is used instead of DIP
- switches and can be programmed from the computer terminal screen (see
- below).
- 7.7
- Switch ON the modem!
- 7.7
- Communication software
- 7.7
- The crucial part of getting on line is setting up the software / modem /
- BBS protocols and links.
- 7.7
- Remember, Rule 1 − if it can go wrong, it will.
- 7.7
- Rule 2 − Get someone else to set up your system.
- 7.7
- So choose an evening (cheap calls) when you have plenty of time, and be
- prepared for the possibility of a long evening with several abortive
- attempts at getting on line.
- 7.7
- Once the software has been finally installed correctly, there is very
- little to do when accessing a BBS in the future, as virtually everything
- will then be automated.
- 7.7
- What you need to know to configure the software and modem
- 7.7
- • Are your phones Tone or Pulse dialling?
- 7.7
- • Modem type − if not known or not listed by the software, try Hayes
- Compatible 2400
- 7.7
- • File transfer protocol − try Z-Modem
- 7.7
- • Destination for downloaded files
- 7.7
- e.g. ADFS::HD4.$.Comms
- 7.7
- Setting up the dialling directory will require more choices.
- 7.7
- • Telephone number − 081 654 2212 (Arcade)
- 7.7
- − 0603 766585 (Archive)†
- 7.7
- • Predial code − e.g. 132 for Mercury network
- 7.7
- • Baud rate − try 2400, or 9600 (See modem)
- 7.7
- • Data bits − 8
- 7.7
- • Parity − None
- 7.7
- • Stop bits − 1
- 7.7
- This is often written 8N1. The other common setting is 7E1, (Compuserve
- and Prestel), any other setting is rare.
- 7.7
- • Duplex − Full
- 7.7
- • Terminal emulation − try ANSI (Used for colour) or VT102, 24 line page
- length.
- 7.7
- • Password − if required as you may need this to log on each time.
- 7.7
- Installing the software
- 7.7
- All the packages follow the normal RISC OS methods, so consult the
- manual. Using the information in the previous section, set up the
- software according to the instructions in the manual.
- 7.7
- When you click on the application, you will normally be faced with a
- blank screen which is called the “terminal mode”. You can now type some
- simple commands which will tell the modem what to do.
- 7.7
- Try entering a few commands to check out the modem. At the cursor prompt
- in terminal mode type: AT<return>
- 7.7
- All being well, you should receive an OK or 0 (zero). This verifies that
- the modem is switched on and correctly cabled to your computer. If you
- have a blank screen, type ATE1Q0<return>. This will ensure the modem
- will respond correctly and try AT<return> again. If you still have
- problems see the troubleshooting section, “Modem fails to respond”.
- 7.7
- Next, test out the dialling code and verify the modem-to-phone
- connection is correct. Type:
- 7.7
- ATM2<return>
- 7.7
- to switch the internal modem speaker on permanently. (This can be
- changed later to ATM1 so the speaker is only active during dialling.)
- 7.7
- ATD1234<return>
- 7.7
- This will dial the number 1234, and you should hear the dialling tone,
- then the tones representing 1234. Press <return> to disconnect and you
- should have the message “No carrier”. If you have any problems, see the
- trouble shooting section.
- 7.7
- Now you are ready to try the real thing. Type:
- 7.7
- ATD0816542212<return>
- 7.7
- Note the dialling tone, the modem dialling, the ring tones, a 2-second
- silence, a high pitched 2100Hz answer tone, followed by some static. You
- should then get the “Connect” message. This sometimes includes the
- connection speed, e.g. “Connect 2400”.
- 7.7
- You should now have the initial log-on screen and graphics.
- 7.7
- If not, hang up using ATH0<return>, or use the software hangup command /
- key shortcut. Set up the dialling directory, using information from the
- previous section above and try again.
- 7.7
- Logging on to a BBS
- 7.7
- With most Bulletin Boards, you must become a registered user. Normally,
- the first time on line, you will be asked to give name, address, etc,
- along with a password you wish to use in future.
- 7.7
- To get on line each time, you will need to enter your name as the BBS
- knows you. E.g. if John Smith is your ‘handle’, typing J Smith will be
- rejected. This is not usually case-sensitive though.
- 7.7
- The password IS usually case-sensitive. In this case, a password such as
- ‘Jersey’ will fail if you type ‘jersey’ or ‘jERSEY’.
- 7.7
- Once logged on, you will be given limited access, until such time as you
- become fully registered. You will have 20 to 30 minutes to explore the
- Bulletin board.
- 7.7
- Downloading text and files
- 7.7
- Any text and graphics that you see on screen, can be kept and looked at
- later when you are off line. You will need to turn on the LOG or SPOOL
- feature, which will store all the text, menus, etc, that flow across
- your screen. The saved LOG file can then be read using a text editor or
- wordprocessor. (See your Comms manual for starting the LOG or SPOOL
- file.)
- 7.7
- So far, you have only downloaded some simple text. The next job is to
- download a program file.
- 7.7
- Find the download option. You will be presented with a list of files to
- be downloaded. Press (D)ownload, enter the name of the file to be
- downloaded. The file size, the BBS file transfer protocol and,
- occasionally, the estimated time to download will be given. The BBS
- protocol needs to be the same as the protocol you set up in the dialling
- directory.
- 7.7
- Logging off
- 7.7
- You should log off from the BBS in the correct manner, otherwise all
- sorts of pointers are not updated and it may result in higher charges,
- as it takes time for the BBS to recognise that you have gone off line.
- 7.7
- Arcade requires you to type “G” and compuserve “Bye”.
- 7.7
- If all has gone well, type ATM1&W<return> to Mute the speaker after the
- Connect message and Write your current settings into the NOVRAM.
- 7.7
- If you have not already done so, add the BBS details into the dialling
- directory.
- 7.7
- AT Hayes command set and error correction
- 7.7
- Most modem manuals give a list of the Hayes commands that pertain to
- your modem. I have not included a complete list of commands here but the
- main ones are referred to in the text.
- 7.7
- It is possible to combine AT commands together. For example,
- ATM1L3<return>, which turns the speaker on and increases the volume.
- 7.7
- Hayes was late into the error-correction game and so the AT commands for
- MNP and V42 functions cannot be explicit as they vary from one
- manufacturer to another. See your modem manual.
- 7.7
- For these error-correcting modems, you will need to set the comms
- software to a speed higher than the quoted modem speed, i.e. a 2400 baud
- modem set 9600bps and for 14400 baud modem, set 19200bps.
- 7.7
- Use hardware flow control (RTS/CTS) and disable software flow control
- (X-ON/X-OFF).
- 7.7
- Turn off any auto baud detect feature. Use the appropriate AT command to
- tell the modem to “send at a fixed DTE rate”. This is irrespective of
- the “Connect 2400” message you may receive from the modem.
- 7.7
- You will also have to inform the modem that you wish to use V42 or MNP,
- with a suitable AT command.
- 7.7
- Compuserve
- 7.7
- Arguably the world’s largest conferencing system and BBS, Compuserve is
- not particularly cheap, but has thousands of special interest sections
- and many specialised databases. World wide E-mail and fax facilities are
- available.
- 7.7
- Compuserve is slow and requires a certain knowledge of the various
- commands if you are not to spend a fortune on phone calls. A program
- such as ARTIC is a must (if only I can get it to work). (Of course, in
- the USA and Hong Kong, local calls are free which helps.)
- 7.7
- Note that Compuserve has its own file transfer protocol called CIS B
- plus, operates at 9600bps and uses 7E1.
- 7.7
- Troubleshooting Guide
- 7.7
- One of the problems with troubleshooting is the sheer number of things
- that can go wrong. Often a single problem will prevent any communication
- at all − all very frustrating!
- 7.7
- Listed, in a roughly logical order, here are some of the common problems
- that you may come across.
- 7.7
- Most modems will respond to AT&V<return> which will allow you to view
- the current setting in your NOVRAM.
- 7.7
- Modem will not respond or dial
- 7.7
- • Check modem plugged in AND switched ON. (MR, Modem Ready, LED on.)
- 7.7
- • Check cables connected correctly and fully home in sockets.
- 7.7
- • Check phone cable plugged in to correct sockets. Other phone
- extensions not in use.
- 7.7
- • Check that any modem Dip switches have been set correctly, e.g. CCITT
- selected not BELL, and AT commands are enabled.
- 7.7
- • Are your Comm ports correct? (PC stuff)
- 7.7
- • Is the terminal program port speed set to a faster speed than the
- modem? (But see error correction information above.)
- 7.7
- • Ensure that stored telephone numbers are correct. i.e. 1 and not l for
- lima, 0 (zero) not O for oscar.
- 7.7
- • If you have an external modem, the LED light labelled TR should come
- ON when your software is run and go out when you exit the program.
- 7.7
- Using the hang up command should cause the TR light to flash off, then
- back on. This shows that the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) signal wire
- between the modem and computer is correctly wired. (It also proves that
- the correct comm port is selected by the terminal program.)
- 7.7
- If the TR LED does not come on, check your cabling, in particular the
- DTR cable (pin 20).
- 7.7
- One other cause could be the modem not responding to the DTR signal.
- Type:
- 7.7
- AT&F&C1&D2&W<return>
- 7.7
- This will set the modem to follow the DTR signal. If the DTR signal is
- held “high”, it will be difficult to hang up the phone.
- 7.7
- • The Send Data (SD) LED should flash each time you type a letter on the
- keyboard. This shows that data is being transmitted to the modem. If
- not, suspect the serial cable, in particular pins 2 & 3, the TxD and RxD
- signals.
- 7.7
- • The Receive Data (RD) LED should also flash at the same time as the SD
- LED. If not, try ATE1 to echo back each keypress. Again suspect wires to
- pins 2 & 3.
- 7.7
- Modem dials but will not connect
- 7.7
- This points to a problem with the modem to phone cable.
- 7.7
- • Check the phone cables and connections (again).
- 7.7
- Check that other modems are not plugged into the same phone socket (from
- a laptop perhaps, even if switched off). Check also for other phones off
- hook.
- 7.7
- Note: The modem to wall phone cable should be plugged into the modem
- socket marked “To Line”, not the “To Phone” socket.
- 7.7
- • Those of you connecting US style telephone plugs to your private
- exchanges should ensure that they are wired up correctly. Adapters are
- available from the likes of Maplin Electronics for about £6. (The Tandy
- one is suspect, I have had several complaints about them.) The two wires
- on the US phone should be connected to the outer two cables of the UK
- socket.
- 7.7
- • Is the terminal program receiving the correct results code? Manually
- dial ATD1234<return> and check to see the result. (No Carrier)
- 7.7
- • If the dialling tone is still audible after dialling, check the modem
- is set for tone dialling on the new exchanges and pulse dialling on the
- old exchanges. Try ATDT123 for tone or ATDP1234 for pulse.
- 7.7
- • If the remote modem answers and sends a tone but your modem hangs up
- before connection complete, check the time out in the terminal program.
- (This is the time the modem allows from dialling to connection.) Set
- this to 45 sec or more, by using ATS7=45. (A high speed modem, V32+, may
- need more.)
- 7.7
- Modem gives CONNECT and then garbage
- 7.7
- • The speed setting is wrong. Check that the baud rate is the same at
- both ends of the connection.
- 7.7
- • If every other letter is garbage and the baud rates are correct, check
- the parity setting.
- 7.7
- • If the screen output looks fine for the first few lines and then
- becomes garbage, check your terminal program is set for hardware (RTS/
- CTS) flow control.
- 7.7
- • For V42 and MNP5 modems, there should be no garbage, so check for the
- correct terminal emulation.
- 7.7
- • For non-error-correcting modems, a noisy phone line will cause some
- characters to be garbled, so try a lower speed.
- 7.7
- • Interference from electrical motors (fans), and mains cables can also
- cause problems. Move the modem away from potential noise sources.
- 7.7
- Modem fails when doing file transfers
- 7.7
- • If the failure occurs on all protocols, at different speeds, check
- that the modem and terminal programs are set for hardware flow control
- (RTS/CTS). Check also pins 4 & 5 of the serial cable.
- 7.7
- • If the failure only occurs on some protocols, such as X-Modem and Y-
- modem, but not Kermit, for example, your modem is intercepting the XON/
- XOFF characters. This is undesirable during a file transfer, although
- the BBS supports this for normal screen text.
- 7.7
- • If failure occurs at ultra high speeds (19200, 38400) then an upgrade
- to the UART chip may be required. (PC stuff)
- 7.7
- Typed characters appear twice
- 7.7
- Your modem is set to echo characters. The remote system is echoing back
- the characters you type and so is your own software. If double
- characters appear whilst on line, go off line and, at the command line/
- screen, type ATF1<return>. (Full duplex)
- 7.7
- If off line, the comms software is echoing back characters. Type
- AT&E0<return> at the command prompt.
- 7.7
- Reconfigure the comms software appropriately.
- 7.7
- Typed characters do not appear at all
- 7.7
- This is the opposite problem. You will need to enable the local echo in
- your software.
- 7.7
- Half the text is garbled
- 7.7
- The Parity setting is wrong. Normally 8n1 is used, but try 7e1 or 7o1,
- i.e. 7 data bits even or odd parity, 1 stop bit.
- 7.7
- If all else fails...
- 7.7
- Modems which store their settings in NOVRAM, may have to be cleared back
- to their factory setting, and you will have to start again. The command
- for this is AT&F <return>.
- 7.7
- Finally
- 7.7
- Once you have the modem working, type AT&W<return> to store the current
- modem settings into NOVRAM.
- 7.7
- Conclusion
- 7.7
- I hope this will encourage more members to try serial communications,
- and even help with those new to the subject, to sort out the wood from
- the trees. A
- 7.7
- † The Archive BBS is out of action at the moment but we are hoping to
- get it up and running again during the summer holidays. Ed.
- 7.7
- Comment Column
- 7.7
- • CadMust feedback − I’m writing to you about the CadMust review in the
- March edition of the Archive (7.6 p75), written by Richard Torrens. We
- have two basic problems with this review.
- 7.7
- Firstly, we believe that the approach Mr Torrens has towards CAD
- programs is that of someone who is using tape and is not willing to move
- on to more modern methods. We therefore think that he is not the best
- person to review modern CAD programs like CadMust.
- 7.7
- Secondly, in our extensive correspondence with Mr Torrens, we told him
- about a new version of CadMust which solved almost all of the few
- problems he had with CadMust. He didn’t make any mention of this in his
- article, which we think he should.
- 7.7
- In the past four years, we have tried to make CadMust as complete and
- user-friendly as possible. We believe it offers real value for money. A
- CAD system like this deserves much better and, above all, more fair
- reviews, with well-founded arguments. H.J Kouwenhoven, Marketing & Sales
- Manager, USARC, Amsterdam.
- 7.7
- • A Comedy of Errors? − Is your computer rude, sarcastic and
- uncommunicative? Do you ever get the feeling it’s laughing up its micro-
- processed sleeve at you? Do you ever feel like giving it ‘a clip around
- the ear’ − or even putting the whole thing through the mangle? I do!
- 7.7
- It’s not the beeps I mind, I’ve got used to them, and anyway phones and
- watches, and all manner of things beep at you these days. No, it’s the
- mindless jargon and meaningless phrases it throws out that bother me.
- 7.7
- It’s like this. When the computer gets fed up with what you’re doing, it
- throws an electronic spanner in the works. So every now and then a
- message appears on the screen − which tells you the computer is not
- happy. In computer jargon, these are called error messages. Now not many
- people know this, but the computer has a sliding scale of messages,
- depending on how bored it is at any one time. For example...
- 7.7
- Among the most rude are those which tell you that something you have
- just done is ‘Invalid’, or even worse it tells you that ‘This operation
- is not permitted’. It makes you wonder who on earth it thinks it’s
- talking to? After all, I’ve been to university − I know things. How dare
- this piece of silicon and metal tell me I can’t do something!
- 7.7
- Then there’s the condescending or sarcastic ones, like, ‘Unable to read
- this disk. Are you sure it’s formatted?’ Or what about ‘Are you really
- sure you want to quit?’ Am I really sure? You mean you know something I
- don’t? What I want the condescending little brat to say is ‘Excuse me,
- Oh Most Favoured One, I hope you don’t mind me interrupting, but I’m
- about to quit this program, is that all right with you or have I made
- some terrible mistake?’
- 7.7
- Cats and mice
- 7.7
- Sometimes it toys with you − like a cat annoying a mouse it’s just about
- to eat. ‘Impression has suffered an internal error. Press OK to
- continue, cancel to Quit.’ Sounds reasonable, the poor old thing’s had a
- seizure but it’s not terminal − I won’t lose any of my really important
- work. I press OK expecting to continue. But the machine beeps again and
- up comes another message. ‘Impression has a terrible headache... press
- OK to continue...’ So I press OK. Beep... message... ‘Impression has had
- a long day and would like to go to sleep... press OK to continue’ And so
- it goes. It gives you the option to continue but it won’t let you use
- it. It just goes round and round in circles, until you give in. It’s
- laughing at you!
- 7.7
- Then there are the tantalising ones, the ones that suggest there might
- be something wrong without being too explicit. ‘This document MAY not
- have been saved completely’ or ‘Some text or graphics MAY have been
- lost’. It’s really very clever. It doesn’t say it has been lost, it just
- dangles the possibility of something wrong. So you go to bed wondering
- about it. It knows you won’t sleep, you toss and turn weighing up the
- possibilities. When arrive back in the morning you discover everything
- was all right after all − and, like idiots, we all feel ever so grateful
- to the rotten little thing.
- 7.7
- The one I really hate is the error message with a number. ‘Internal
- error at &6768704blablabla’. As though it’s meant to mean something.
- This time it’s telling you that someone more clever than you knows
- something you don’t. You now have to ring technical help, with cap in
- hand, and beg to be let into the secret. At the other end of the phone
- you hear great explosions of laughter. ‘That’s OK’, they say ‘It’s been
- infected with the Jeremy Beadle virus − it’s just having a bit of a
- laugh at your expense’.
- 7.7
- The final countdown
- 7.7
- The most evil of all error messages is the FIE − ‘Fatal internal error −
- about to quit’. There’s nothing you can do about this one. You can shake
- your fist at it, you can mutter mild obscenities, you can pour coffee
- over the keyboard − but it won’t work. You may as well go out and shoot
- yourself. You see, FIE isn’t any old error message, it’s the computers
- way of telling you that your life is about to be completely ruined. Not
- only will you lose that best seller you’ve been working on for six
- months, but your hard drive will be smeared with axle grease; your
- computer will go into self-activated melt-down; your bank account will
- be wiped clean; your car is will be repossessed; your children will be
- taken into care... even your ever-loving cat will desert you. probably
- for the Battersey Cats’ Home! Ed.) FIE is the end of life as you have
- known it. Sorry.
- 7.7
- Does it mind? Does it care? Does it feel any remorse? Not a bit of it.
- There’ll be no apologies, no deep regrets. You won’t be able to talk it
- round. You see, that’s what it’s really here for. I know you thought it
- was a miracle of technical achievement, a brave new microchip utopia −
- but, in reality, it’s only purpose in life is to make yours a misery.
- Gabriel Swords, Norwich.
- 7.7
- • Data interchange − About a year ago, in a moment of weakness, I
- agreed to take over editing a bi-monthly magazine for the Boating Group
- of the Camping and Caravanning Club. The circulation is around 600
- copies and previously it had been produced with the help of an Amstrad
- word processor, scissors and glue. It seemed like a good opportunity to
- see what could be done with an Archimedes computer and Impression II.
- 7.7
- I have an A420/1 with an ARM3, multisync monitor and SCSI disc, but no
- scanner or laser printer. However, I have access to these facilities at
- work, as well as image processing and OCR software, mostly on Unix
- systems. This opens up some interesting requirements for data exchange
- between Acorn systems and the rest of the world.
- 7.7
- The first problem was that of getting copy into the Archimedes. I am a
- hopeless typist, but I persuaded the major contributors to provide copy
- on floppy disc. Impression has input filters for various word-processor
- formats, so I can import much of the copy directly from the DOS format
- floppy discs I receive.
- 7.7
- Other contributors provide typewritten copy, which I scan on an A4
- flatbed scanner at work attached to a PC which is networked to a Unix
- server. The server has Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software
- which I use to convert the copy to ASCII text. Ideally, I would do all
- this on the Archimedes but (a) Father Christmas forgot my scanner
- (again!) and (b) the only OCR package I have tried on the Archimedes,
- Sleuth, doesn’t cope well with typewritten copy.
- 7.7
- Ideally, I would like to receive copy via electronic mail, but few
- people have access to this.
- 7.7
- The second problem was artwork. I use the same A4 scanner and scan
- artwork into TIFF format files on the Unix server. A couple of Unix
- utilities make quick work of manipulating these images. For example,
- pbmplus performs LZW compression which is compatible with ChangeFSI,
- which I use to read them on the Archimedes (I hope that Impression
- Publisher will do this directly when it is available). I have found that
- compressed TIFF files are not always portable between applications even
- on the same system, although John Kortink’s Translator seems more
- tolerant than ChangeFSI.
- 7.7
- Another issue was output. The magazine is produced in A5 booklet format,
- and I use the invaluable pamphlet mode of Impression to produce draft
- output on my Deskjet printer. I produce final camera ready A4 output
- (for reduction to A5 by the printer) on a 300dpi laser printer at work
- with the help of the Acorn PostScript printer drivers printing to a
- file. The PostScript files tend to be rather large but I compress them
- with David Pilling’s SparkFS utility, which is compatible with the Unix
- uncompress command (or pkunzip on a PC).
- 7.7
- The final problem was data transfer between the Archimedes and the
- outside world. The ability of RISC OS 3 to read and write DOS format
- floppy discs transparently is extremely valuable. The 800/720Kb drive on
- my A420 is rather restricting, but data compression helps. Unix
- workstations can generally handle DOS format floppies too. A useful
- alternative is to transfer data via a modem link using Zmodem (on a Unix
- or VMS system) and Hearsay II, which I highly recommend for
- communications with the outside world.
- 7.7
- Although the Archimedes, like the Mac, is in many ways a proprietary
- system, I have found it is very capable of sharing data with other
- systems. Impression is good in this respect, and getting better.
- Richard Readings, Wokingham (readings@bst.dec. com).
- 7.7
- • DrawFile module − Apparently, Acorn say that the DrawFile module can
- be used in any product without their permission as long as its copyright
- remains theirs. For programmers interested in rendering vector graphics,
- I reckon it’s the best thing since sliced bread: it makes rendering a
- drawfile so easy, and is also much quicker (compared to the Basic code
- which I had been using, anyway). Hugh Eagle, Horsham.
- 7.7
- • Impression Style − This seems to have a potentially very dangerous
- feature. Whereas, conventional RISC OS 3 applications will refuse to
- allow you to save a file with the same name as an existing directory,
- Impression Style simply warns you that you are going to overwrite an
- existing “object” and if you say “OK go ahead” it does it (even if the
- directory is locked). My guess is that the reason it allows this is to
- make it possible for you to overwrite old-style Impression document
- directories with new style single document files but, if so, I should
- have thought it would be much safer if Style only allowed a directory to
- be overwritten if it was indeed an old style Impression document. This
- would prevent a normal directory full of Impression documents from being
- overwritten as has happened to us! Ouch!
- 7.7
- • Ovation/Colourcard problems − When using Ovation in mode 99 (which is
- the ColourCard expansion of mode 21), inverted text sometimes goes very
- wrong − the text is black on black! But then trying to unmark the text
- doesn’t work. There are various other strange effects but an infallible
- cure is to scroll the document past the marked block and back again.
- Nothing is lost, so this is tiresome rather than desperate.
- 7.7
- I phoned Risc Developments, who did not know about the problem. Their
- software writer is at present producing a new version of Ovation to
- solve some other problems, and they said they would let me have a copy
- of the new version to try when it appeared. (Nothing has happened yet.)
- Philip Draper, Borehamwood.
- 7.7
- RD now say they have a partial solution to this problem but are still
- working on it. Apparently, it is only a problem in 256-colour modes and
- 15-bit modes. Ed.
- 7.7
- • Space Encyclopedia CD-ROM problems − I have been having problems with
- Cumana’s Space Encyclopedia CD-ROM when using the Acorn SCSI card. The
- CD-ROM’s search routine sometimes comes up with a Fatal Internal Error.
- Cumana say that it will reduce the problem if you set the SCSI card’s
- buffers to 128Kb but although this does indeed reduce the problem, it
- doesn’t remove it altogether. Cumana are looking into the problem but
- have not, as yet, come up with a solution. Kate Crennell, Didcot.
- 7.7
- • Spell-checker blues − With the ability of nearly every word processor
- to perform spell-checking, you would have thought that the spelling
- mistakes and glitches that were the hallmark of the Guardian newspaper
- would have become a thing of the past. But, no, they live on in the
- world of Acorn! Let me explain...
- 7.7
- As I went around Acorn World and BETT, I collected leaflets extolling
- the virtues of various bits of software. These, I presume, were produced
- on the said Acorn computers using some sort of DTP or word processor, so
- why am I treated to ‘Comapny Address Book’ or asked to submit an
- ‘Offucial Order’ before the end of January?
- 7.7
- Again, even when these leaflets have been spell-checked, it becomes
- fairly obvious that they have not been proof-read as I was recently told
- that I could pay by ‘Access of Visa’ after I had used the voucher which
- gave me ‘£10 of’ the normal price.
- 7.7
- I have the feeling that although most people put their document through
- the spell-checker, very few are now bothering to read it to check the
- things that a spell checker misses.
- 7.7
- Still, I’m glad to say that the situation isn’t quite as bad as that on
- the PC. I have in my hand a leaflet extolling the qualities of a Sun
- computer which is a ‘386 CP with spelll checker’! I didn’t think anyone
- could misspell PC. Mind you, I do have trouble with Acorn Archemides
- (sic) when I am typing, perhaps we could call it an AA? Paul Hooper,
- Martham, Norfolk.
- 7.7
- As the perpetrator of the “Battersey Cats Home”, I have no room to talk
- but I am amazed by the number of companies who sell “site licenses” and
- say this will “licence you” to do such-and-such. Ed.
- 7.7
- Also, I can’t resist repeating the following comment that was published
- in Archive a couple of years ago − just in case you mist it! Ed.
- 7.7
- • Sow much four spelling chequers! Won knight sum phew daze a go, being
- a try full board, icon clue dead the tit was thyme two sea watt a
- spelling chequer wood do with an aviary day peace of righting. Eye sat
- my sulphate my usual plaice at the key bored of my valley ant Acorn and
- a sigh typed, I weighted in vein fore the yew till it tea too come
- plane, butt knot a whirr did it take except shun to.
- 7.7
- Aye no, of coarse, that a yam vary hard to pleas butt in too sheiks of a
- lam stale I was shore that this was not rite four me. The hare on my
- head stood up and I had quite a nasty tern when the lack of so fist
- decay shun in such annexe pensive product was slayed bear. The real eyes
- a shun that sow much cache had bean pay doubt to a choir a prod duct so
- pour, maid me ring my hands. Know underwear in a recession!
- 7.7
- Their is amoral two this storey as yew have know doubt already guest.
- Bee knot sow shore yore chequer nose it all, in spy toff what the
- cellars of the are tickle may have lead dew too be leave.
- 7.7
- To bee fare though, a grate deal of prays is jew two pea pole a bull to
- pro juice such works oh fart. Tony Stauber, Qatar, Arabian Gulf.
- 7.7
- • Save box convention − I found myself saying “yes, yes, yes” out loud
- to one point which Hugh Eagle made in his discussion of the RISC OS 3
- Style Guide (Archive 7.6 p.52.) It was in agreement with his criticism
- that when a Save box is opened for an unsaved file, it must contain the
- default document name, and not a previously typed but never used name. I
- often abort a save having typed in the name, but not having the
- directory open, and it is very irritating to have to re-type it again.
- Acorn have got it wrong. Their style instruction wastes time – lots of
- it. They should change their rules, as they have – quite rightly – about
- the standard cut and paste technique. Incidentally, when will a new
- !Edit be released with Impression-style cut and paste? Stuart Bell,
- Horsham.
- 7.7
- • To K or not to K? − (Archive 7.6 p23) David Lenthal says that ‘K’ is
- used for Kappa and is a recognised abbreviation for 10^18. I can find no
- reference that Kappa has ever been the abbreviation for 10^18. The names
- for multipliers were extended in 1990 by the CIPM to include names for
- numbers up to 10^24 and 10^−24. For information, here follows the full
- list:
- 7.7
- Power Name Abbrev
- 7.7
- 10^3 kilo k
- 7.7
- 10^6 mega M
- 7.7
- 10^9 giga G
- 7.7
- 10^12 tera T
- 7.7
- 10^15 peta P
- 7.7
- 10^18 exa E
- 7.7
- 10^21 zetta Z
- 7.7
- 10^24 yocto Y
- 7.7
- 10^−3 milli m
- 7.7
- 10^−6 micro m
- 7.7
- 10^−9 nano n
- 7.7
- 10^−12 pico p
- 7.7
- 10^−15 femto f
- 7.7
- 10^−18 atto a
- 7.7
- 10^−21 zepto z
- 7.7
- 10^−24 yotta y
- 7.7
- Roger Darlington, Manchester.
- 7.7
- • Video-editing − (Edward Croot who has demonstrated video-editing at
- both our NCS Open Days writes...) With the growth of domestic video,
- there is an equal growth in the desire to edit all those miles of tape
- and produce the sort of viewing that you are used to seeing from the
- broadcasters. Looking at advertisements in magazines for other computer
- systems, editing systems for Macs and PCs already exist for as little as
- £300. You can add graphics for £500. All the advertisements imply, and
- some even claim, that you can get “Professional results” with your
- domestic recorder and camcorder. Upon reading further, you find that the
- software does allow you to choose sequences which you can clump
- together, but there is no mention about editing pictures and sound
- separately. Neither is there a claim about making an accurately timed
- edit so that the picture doesn’t jump at the join, though many VHS
- recorders will do an adequate job, but patience (and enthusiasm) may be
- required. With the right equipment, you can get frame-accurate editing
- using this software, but the right equipment is not generally found in
- the average household.
- 7.7
- I use Optima software on an A540 as an “off-line” tool. Off-line editing
- is a technique to make editing decisions on relatively cheap equipment,
- reducing the amount of time spent on expensive broadcast quality
- equipment. The software that I use is designed to produce an edit list
- to control professional equipment which uses timecode to define every
- frame of picture. Domestic machinery doesn’t use this technique, so it
- is impossible for any video controller to keep accurate track of which
- part of the tape it is reading. If you change tapes, the only accurate
- reference point is the start of the tape. Alan Afriat (who wrote about
- his system in Archive 7.3 p45) is developing a board which will control
- recorders designed for editing including semi-professional S-VHS
- recorders, but each of these machines cost in the order of £2,000+.
- Also, if you want to do mixes, or any other effect, you will need three
- of them plus a vision mixer and a sound mixer. Should digital recording
- come along, you will be able to get by with just two. Alan and his
- partner Adam Goodfellow are also developing some excellent quality
- graphics and titling software.
- 7.7
- It is possible to record your videos into your Archimedes, and that is
- what Optima does, but the picture quality is governed by the storage
- capacity on your discs, in this case magneto-opticals, as well as the
- display capability of the computer. It is certainly not good enough to
- match even the poor quality obtained by copying from VHS to VHS. Perhaps
- the new Acorn machine will make this possible, then all editing could be
- done within the computer and transferred back to tape when completed.
- Edward Croot, Selby.
- 7.7
- • What use is an Archimedes? The editor asked about the applications
- for which people used their Archimedes computers. Here is my offering...
- (I have included this because it illustrates a number of major strength
- of Archimedes machines which those not working in a multi-platform
- environment might not appreciate. (a) the ease of transfer and
- manipulation of data between platforms and between packages (b) the
- relative cost of software and (c) the upgradability of hardware compared
- with PCs, etc and (d) the relative merits of RISC OS and Windows. Ed.)
- 7.7
- I was persuaded to buy a BBC B in 1983 when I wanted something on which
- I could type notes which could later be easily updated. I remember being
- terrified of the thing for weeks but there was no looking back once I
- had bought it. In the end, the Beeb did all and more of what I wanted
- and I was hooked. It was only natural, later, to upgrade to an
- Archimedes and this I have never regretted either.
- 7.7
- At my place of work, we started to do some CAD in GDS, a complex drawing
- program which runs on small networked DEC mainframes. A rather dated
- word processor was also used on the same computers. The office manager
- had a Mac which I used occasionally. The firm is now slowly converting
- more and more to PC’s, adding to them as necessary. This mixed computer
- background allows me to be somewhat detached when discussing with
- colleagues the merits and demerits of MS-DOS/Windows 3.1 and the like.
- 7.7
- Certainly, quite recently, a major program prepared for a world-based
- customer was only possible because I could develop and edit parts of the
- whole on my own Archimedes (using database/word processor programs which
- have been designed by their manufacturers to work on both platforms).
- Also, more important perhaps, the Archimedes alone could edit some of
- the translated data which had first been generated on the PC or the DEC.
- 7.7
- This article itself has taken advantage of another example of the
- Archimedes’s adaptability. It was written on ProText on my PC notebook
- when travelling to work, saved as an ASCII file, loaded into PipeDream
- with practically no need to edit the results and re-saved as a PipeDream
- file to send to Paul. (I then loaded in PipeDream, dragged it across, as
- ASCII, onto DeskEdit, changed the filetype to Data and dropped it into
- Impression which stripped out the line-feeds automatically and gave it
- to me in the paragraphs you see now! Ed.)
- 7.7
- On another level, when I produced some simple black and white A4-sized
- “posters” advertising a small office party, and passed them round at
- work, our pretty hardened Systems Manager looked very closely at the
- anti-aliasing of the letters and the professionalism of the scanned
- images. I do not think he believed me when I told him that my hardware
- cost less than £2,000 in total, the software used was less than £200 and
- one major piece (DrawPlus) was a freebee!
- 7.7
- Another matter for office incredulity is the age of my machine. It is a
- 1987 A310, carefully and relatively cheaply later upgraded, which still
- holds its own with later Acorn offerings. It can run any program I know
- of which is sold to run on these machines. At the same time as I bought
- my A310, my firm bought a PC which was comparable with my Acorn. The PC
- was cheaper, true, but it could not upgrade successfully or keep up with
- PC development and has long since been dumped. Within those terms, mine
- was the more sensible buy in the long run.
- 7.7
- Then, finally on this subject, everybody who is now converting to
- Windows from their various previous environments, is totally
- disappointed with Windows 3.1’s speed, its lack of user-friendliness and
- the amount of memory it consumes. A few had seen/used my Acorn, others
- knew something of the Mac’s presentation. They had perhaps expected too
- much from Windows. I myself already knew of the drawbacks and prefer
- working in MS-DOS as, to somebody used to the Desktop, Windows hinders
- rather than helps. Elwyn Morris, Harwich.
- 7.7
- • Windows v RISC OS − Readers may be interested in the following
- excerpt from the Sunday Times (20/2/94). It’s from a special supplement
- for the forthcoming Windows ’94 exhibition:
- 7.7
- Once basic DTP had achieved reasonable penetration within the general PC
- market, image handling and multimedia were the next obvious step...
- ...initially, image handling was dominated by the small specialists.
- Acorn was one such example which, due to its keen pricing and ability to
- run multimedia and video clips without additional hardware, has become
- the leading IT supplier to education. Acorn’s RISC OS provides similar
- icon-driven, multitasking, insert and paste techniques to Windows, yet
- particularly user-friendly and aimed at multimedia and graphics
- presentations. Indeed, Windows 4.0, due out later this year, will
- incorporate many of Acorn’s RISC OS features.
- 7.7
- Some would debate the ‘keen pricing’, but this is yet more praise, not
- just from the PC-dominated press but, this time, from no less than
- Microsoft themselves! I wonder just how similar the two operating
- systems will become. I can’t help remembering when Apple tried to put a
- stop to Windows simply because it operated in a similar manner to their
- GUI! Steve Waters, Gravesend. A
- 7.7
- Computer Concepts’ AudioWorks
- 7.7
- Brian Barr
- 7.7
- AudioWorks is a new package from CC that builds on their range of
- products. It is an audio editor that takes audio files of various format
- types created on various technology platforms (even PCs) and allows them
- to be manipulated in various ways. The package can also control CC and
- third party audio sampler boards allowing the user to create his or her
- own audio files. The package comes in a sturdy cardboard box with a 60-
- page A5 manual and two 800Kb floppy discs containing the main programs
- and several example audio files. Naturally, the package is totally RISC
- OS compliant and can be operated by either mouse or keyboard.
- Installation onto a hard disc is straight forward. The usual !SysMerge
- is supplied so that the !System modules can be brought up to the
- required versions.
- 7.7
- Terminology
- 7.7
- Before doing a further review of the software, I think it would be a
- good idea to explain some of the terminology used in digital audio
- recording and playback. When recordings are made with AudioWorks, the
- data is held in RAM. This means that there is a limit to the length of
- recordings made. The length of recording is a function of the sample
- rate, and sample resolution. Sample rate determines the quality of the
- recording. With a low sample rate the recording can sound almost
- telephone quality whereas, with a high rate, you can record someone
- playing the spoons with perfect clarity. Sample resolution determines
- the accuracy of the recording. Low resolution will give a noticeable
- harsh edge to the recording and will be annoying to the listener. As
- with most things in life, it’s all a compromise. The following equation
- should make things clear:
- 7.7
- High Quality + High Resolution = Tons of Memory
- 7.7
- Software
- 7.7
- On loading AudioWorks, an icon appears on the iconbar. At this stage, no
- other windows appear. Clicking <select> on the AudioWorks logo opens up
- the following dialogue box.
- 7.7
- This gives the option to record a sound directly into the computer with
- the ability to alter sample rate and resolution. For a 60 second, 16-bit
- mono recording at a 20kHz sample rate (which will give a reasonable
- quality recording) you will need about 2.4Mb of memory. To do any
- recordings, however, you must have external hardware installed in one of
- the podule slots. At the time of writing this report, recording hardware
- was not available and so I was not able to test the recording facilities
- of the package.
- 7.7
- File playback
- 7.7
- Loading an audio file is just a matter of dragging the icon of the audio
- file onto the AudioWorks icon on the iconbar. The file is then loaded
- into memory and an editing viewer appears.
- 7.7
- This viewer shows a graphical representation of the sound amplitude of
- the audio versus the time of playback.The X axis of the display shows
- the audio duration in seconds. This display has the usual “scale”
- selection mechanism allowing the user to zoom in and out of a recording
- showing more or less detail. On pressing the play button above the audio
- display, a bar will start moving from left to right indicating which
- part of the audio file is playing. At the same time, the computer
- speaker will burst into life playing the audio selected. One small
- annoyance to me was the lack of an automatic sideways scrolling window
- that tracked the audio if the whole of the audio was not visible within
- the viewer. Because of this, the marker would just disappear off the end
- of the display, leaving the user not knowing which part of the recording
- was playing.
- 7.7
- Once the play button has been pressed, AudioWorks will play the file to
- the end and then come to a stop. A “looping” mode gives a continuous
- playback of the entire recording or a selected section.
- 7.7
- The best part of the package is, however, the editing facilities. By
- clicking with the mouse and dragging right or left, any part of the
- recording can be selected and played in isolation. This selected portion
- of audio can be cut from, moved or copied to another part of the same or
- a different recording. This, however, is only the beginning. AudioWorks
- allows lots of effects to be added to the recording. Clicking <menu>
- opens a menu giving a range of effects that can be applied to the
- recording. These can range from filters adding or taking away base or
- treble, or facilities to boost or moderate the sound level of the audio
- file. Echo can be added to give your recording that Paddington railway
- station feel. An option called “Envelope” allows you to control
- precisely the fade in and out, or “pitch bend” of a recording. The
- package also supports stereo recordings and options exist to move sounds
- to the left or right speakers.
- 7.7
- Another effect available is this keyboard. This emulates a sampler, a
- device well known to most musicians. (Duran Duran used one of these to
- death on many of their hits.) The pitch of a recorded sound is altered
- depending on which key is played on a standard piano keyboard. The mouse
- can play the keys but a better way is to use the computer keyboard which
- is configured to play like a piano keyboard.
- 7.7
- File saving
- 7.7
- Once a file has been edited, a number of save options are available.
- These include saving in DataVox, Armadeus and Microsoft .WAV formats. A
- voice module can also be constructed so that a sound can be played
- instead of the standard computer beep.
- 7.7
- One point that I haven’t mentioned yet is that a second program comes
- with AudioWorks called AudioCtrl. This allows your edited sound files to
- be queued and played sequentially. Unlike AudioWorks, AudioCtrl makes
- possible the playback of files from a hard disc.
- 7.7
- Conclusions
- 7.7
- I found this a good package for the price (£49 +VAT from CC or £55
- through Archive). The user interface is the best feature by far. All the
- operations that are applied to files behaved just as a word processor
- does, showing that the Acorn GUI can be applied to just about any type
- of program. Another feature is that all the keyboard shortcuts are
- editable by the user. The major deficiency for me was the lack of
- editing of files direct from hard disc. But then, I know that such
- facilities on other systems can cost a hundred or even a thousand times
- more. A
- 7.7
- Irlam Instruments’ Colour Scanners
- 7.7
- Jim Nottingham
- 7.7
- If you are fortunate to have access to the ever-expanding range of
- affordable colour printers for the Archimedes, you may also be
- considering moving into colour scanning. This article is based on my
- year’s experience of the SCSI version of the Epson GT6500 A4 scanner,
- supplied by Irlam Instruments with their ProI-Mage software.
- 7.7
- The GT6500 is only one of a range of scanners supported by Irlam and
- there are large areas of commonality in the ProI-Mage drivers and
- supporting hardware requirements. So, in most cases, what applies to the
- GT6500 will also apply to the other devices; only major differences will
- be covered here. Although this is not intended to be a comparative
- review, many readers will already be familiar with the Computer
- Concepts’ ScanLight range of monochrome scanners, so certain related
- features will also be considered.
- 7.7
- Hardware/firmware considerations
- 7.7
- Apart from the hand-held unit, all the scanners have two or more
- interface options, each with its advantages and limitations. This may
- even dictate your eventual choice of scanner. The basic information is
- given in Archive (7.5 p3 and 7.6 p4) and more details are given below
- (prices are through Archive and include VAT/delivery):
- 7.7
- • The Hand Scanner (£425) comes with a special interface card which
- fits in a standard podule slot of the A5000 or earlier machines.
- 7.7
- • If you have a ‘new’ computer (i.e. A5000 or later), the Sharp JX100
- flat-bed scanner (£520) can be connected direct to the RS232 serial
- interface but the port needs to be free of other devices. If you have an
- ‘old’ computer (i.e. pre-A5000), you will need to connect the scanner to
- a BIP400 interface (£80) which fits in a standard podule slot.
- 7.7
- • The baseline Epson GT6500 scanner (£1000) has a parallel interface
- and can be connected to the bi-directional port of new computers but,
- again, the port needs to free of other devices, including dongles. With
- old computers, you will need to install a BIP400 card, as above. If
- preferred, you could fit a BIP400 card in an A5000, freeing the parallel
- port for other devices. Alternatively, you can specify the GT6500 with a
- built-in SCSI interface (£1115) but, at present, only the Morley SCSI
- podule will run the GT6500 reliably. The maximum resolution of the
- scanner is 1200dpi.
- 7.7
- • The Epson GT8000 (£1380) comes with both parallel and SCSI interfaces
- built in, so all the above connection options apply. The SCSI interface
- can be connected to Acorn, Morley or Oak SCSI cards. The maximum
- resolution of the GT8000 is 1600dpi and the scanning speed is about 15-
- 20% faster than the GT6500.
- 7.7
- The computer will need RISC OS 3.1 or later. The ProI-Mage application
- takes 160Kb. Irlam say that, although it would be possible to run from a
- floppy disc and a minimum of 2Mb RAM, this would severely limit image
- size and resolution. In practice, you really need a hard disc with a few
- Mbytes free and at least 4Mb RAM − my own experience is that, to do
- justice to the A4 scanners, 8Mb RAM would be better.
- 7.7
- The Epson GT6500 package
- 7.7
- The GT6500 comes in a robust casing which, at 568mm × 333mm × 125mm, is
- rather larger than the compact Scanlight Professional. The lift-up
- document cover can be removed easily so that thicker tomes can be placed
- on the A4 glass table.
- 7.7
- Power and data cables are supplied and plug in at the rear. Where the
- SCSI interface is installed, a rotary ID switch, a terminator DIP switch
- and two SCSI connectors are fitted, so setting up is very
- straightforward.
- 7.7
- The power switch is on the front panel, along with various other
- switches and indicators whose functions are replaced largely by Irlam’s
- software so, normally, these can be disregarded. Removing a small cover
- reveals 2 banks of DIP switches, which should not need to be adjusted,
- and a reset switch which − hopefully − will never be used!
- 7.7
- The Epson user guide is well written and illustrated. Most of the later
- content can be disregarded as the Irlam software covers scanner
- operation. Epson include a useful booklet of image samples illustrating
- various effects.
- 7.7
- The Irlam software/documentation
- 7.7
- The relevant version of the ProI-Mage scanner driver software (currently
- v2.02) comes on a single, unprotected floppy disc, along with v0.93 of
- Acorn’s ChangeFSI and, where applicable, a Read_Me file of latest info.
- Scanner operation is multitasking, while using the software is
- conventional, largely intuitive and entirely uncomplicated.
- 7.7
- Until recently, the documentation was adequate. However, Irlam have sent
- me a pre-release copy of their updated A5, ring-bound manual (v3.00)
- which really is excellent. The user guide portion is much improved but
- its value is greatly enhanced by the inclusion of general advice on
- using ChangeFSI, file formats and printing scanned material.
- 7.7
- Scanning procedure
- 7.7
- Loading the application and clicking <select> on the ProI-Mage icon
- causes two windows to appear on the desktop; the Viewer on the right and
- the upper portion of the Control Panel on the left.
- 7.7
- The control panel is well thought out and, as the lower portion includes
- all the preset variables, it needs to be accessed only when you wish to
- select something other than the default settings.
- 7.7
- The scan resolution and output format are pre-selected by clicking on
- the relevant option buttons or entering a value in the dialogue box. Any
- intermediate resolution can be set, up to the maximum capability of the
- scanner. The output can be monochrome, 4/16/256 greyscales, or colour.
- Clicking on the Scan button starts the scan.
- 7.7
- If a scanned image smaller than A4 is required, this is achieved by
- first clicking on Preview, followed by Scan. The scanner produces a low-
- resolution image in the Viewer window in around 20 seconds, following
- which the desired area can be defined by performing a conventional
- <select-drag> operation on the image. The area covered by the select box
- can be modified by using <adjust> on the relevant control handle, or the
- nudge buttons or size dialogue boxes on the Control Panel. Clicking once
- again on the Scan button then produces the high-definition scan but
- covering only the defined area. This procedure speeds up the high-
- definition scan, limits file size and saves having to crop the image
- after scanning.
- 7.7
- On completion of the scan, clicking <menu> in the Viewer window and
- following through the Save Sprite option, leads to a conventional Save
- dialogue box. Given sufficient memory, you can transfer direct to other
- applications and a modicum of compression is applied to files saved to
- disc.
- 7.7
- Preset options
- 7.7
- The lower part of the Control Panel contains numerous options such as
- Gamma Correction and File Format. These are generally self-explanatory
- and are preset before scanning, either by selecting the relevant radio
- buttons or by entering values in the dialogue boxes. They cannot be
- controlled during scanning so, if anything needs to be changed, it is
- necessary to click on Press to Stop, amend the setting and re-initiate
- the scan. The values can be saved as default settings by using the Save
- Choices option on the iconbar menu.
- 7.7
- Two of the preset options are especially valuable, the first of which,
- the Brightness control. I used a Scanlight Professional for a few months
- and became very frustrated by the fixed setting. It often prevented me
- obtaining a satisfactory scan where, for example, the original image was
- faint or where there was show-through from printing on the reverse side.
- In my view, this is a most unsatisfactory feature of the Scanlight
- Professional. The software-controlled brightness option of the Epson
- scanners entirely suppresses this problem.
- 7.7
- Secondly, in addition to producing a 256-colour sprite, the scanner can
- output a file in one of a range of alternative formats, up to 24-bit. I
- find TIFF to be particularly useful for export direct to PCs, Macs and
- imagesetters, with the added bonus that the LZW compression generally
- leads to smaller files than the equivalent sprite file. Where the result
- still will not fit on disc, an alternative is to select the JPEG format
- and reduce the quality factor until it does fit. This is often more
- acceptable than, for example, reducing the scan resolution (see articles
- in Archive 6.9 p45 and later issues).
- 7.7
- Performance considerations
- 7.7
- Anyone used to the Scanlight range may be surprised by the extra time
- taken by the GT6500 to perform a scan. Even the GT8000, running 15-20%
- faster, is still relatively slow. However, the Epson scanners are
- multitasking and operate almost entirely in the background and there is
- many times as much data to be processed. You may notice other tasks
- slowing down a little but, on an ARM3 machine, this is not particularly
- significant. The overall effect is akin to, say, background filer
- operations and you soon get used to it, but a large, high-resolution,
- colour scan can take 10 mins or more.
- 7.7
- This does mean that, for example, you are going to lose the convenience
- of the ‘quick photocopy’ facility which the Scanlight machines achieve
- so well in conjunction with Laser Direct printers. The Epson/Irlam
- equivalent is to perform a 300dpi scan, drop the resultant sprite into
- an Impression frame or whatever, and print the result. All this will
- take a couple of minutes or more but bear in mind that most of that will
- be in the background.
- 7.7
- The output quality of monochrome and greyscale images is at least as
- good as that achieved by the Scanlight Professional; better if the
- original image requires use of the brightness control. Subject to
- certain considerations, the output quality of colour images is generally
- very satisfactory indeed. From my own experiences, the potential problem
- areas are as follows:
- 7.7
- • Changes in colour hue and value are evident. In general terms, reds
- are OK, greens tend to darken and blues pick up a purple hue. Anyone
- used to colour printing on the Archimedes will already be familiar with
- these phenomena and the value and limitations of image-processing such
- as Gamma correction.
- 7.7
- • The scanner can react to colours in the original which are not
- readily visible to the eye and, often, this depends on the materials
- used in the document. Certain colours can be problematical; I find that
- flesh tones are sometimes sensitive to ‘wash-out’.
- 7.7
- • Interference between the dot resolution on printed originals and the
- scanner resolution (Moiré patterns) is more noticeable in colour than in
- monochrome (you can get some bizarre effects on the monitor screen, e.g.
- tartan paint!). It is best to use high-resolution originals such as
- photographs and the usual tricks of rotating the original slightly or
- changing scan resolution can help greatly.
- 7.7
- Memory usage and resolution
- 7.7
- With a 16Mbyte A540 available, I must confess to routinely bumping up
- the scan resolution to the maximum possible, with the consequent strain
- on data storage capacity. However, in their latest documentation, Irlam
- make a detailed and elegant case for scanning at quite low resolution
- (100dpi) and processing the image in ChangeFSI for use with 360 dpi
- printers such as the Canon BJC600. A similar argument holds for export
- to high-resolution imagesetters. This really is a very interesting
- notion and warrants consideration. If satisfactory results can be
- achieved by these methods, computer memory and storage requirements will
- be eased considerably.
- 7.7
- Conclusions
- 7.7
- The colour scanners supported by Irlam’s ProI-Mage software satisfy a
- wide band of performance needs. Given adequate memory and storage
- capacity, the flexible interface options make them largely machine-
- independent. The quality and ease of use of the software is a credit to
- Irlam and the new documentation is impeccable.
- 7.7
- At prices running to more than double that of, say, the monochrome
- Scanlight range, you have to be sure you are getting value for money
- when moving into colour scanning. From my experience, the Epson GT6500
- scanner has been well worth the capital expenditure, providing an
- excellent foil for the 360 dpi, 4-colour printers now available and
- enabling a good proportion of my work to be published entirely in-house.
- 7.7
- Even if Irlam’s premise that relatively low-resolution scans are
- adequate for export proves to be the case, we still need someone to come
- up with a method of transporting large TIFF files direct to
- imagesetters. In the meantime, the ability to provide customers,
- typesetters and printers with document drafts, in full colour, is
- proving to be an absolute boon. If any reader would like further help
- with choosing or using a colour scanner, please drop me a line with
- details to: 16 Westfield Close, Pocklington, York, YO4 2EY. A
- 7.7
- PipeLineZ
- 7.7
- Gerald Fitton
- 7.7
- Lots of odds and ends this month, starting with a few comments from me
- before moving on to letters which I think may be of general interest.
- 7.7
- Problems with old Fireworkz templates
- 7.7
- If you have any templates which you created with Wordz prior to
- Version 1.04 then get rid of them before they cause you problems. The
- most serious thing which happens when you use those old templates is
- that you save your work and then, when you reload it another day
- everything is gone! Sometimes, only part of your work or a few styles
- have vanished or part of your document isn’t quite as you remember it!
- If you load an ‘old’ template and use it as a basis for a new one then
- the new one might also give an unexpected performance.
- 7.7
- If you have lost a large piece of work in this way and yet, by looking
- at the size of the file, you know the data must still be there, send a
- disc copy of your file to Mark Colton or to me. (If possible, please
- include a self-addressed label and return postage.)
- 7.7
- PipeDream for Beginners
- 7.7
- Ernie Cobbold has sent me a complete set of tutorials for PipeDream 4 on
- three discs. The discs contain 17 files each of which has been
- compressed using Spark. When expanded, each of these files pretty well
- fills up an 800 Kb disc and, if you print them out, you will produce a
- book about 1“ thick!
- 7.7
- The tutorials are illustrated by screen shots, and example files are
- also included.
- 7.7
- This set of tutorials started life as much simpler worksheets for use by
- pupils who were on an Information Technology course at school. Ernie has
- improved and expanded these worksheets into a ‘distance learning’ course
- which starts at a level suitable for complete beginners and works up to
- level which now might be described as GNVQ Advanced.
- 7.7
- I think the tutorials are good but, by the time you read this, Archive
- will have received a set of the three discs for review by someone more
- independent than I am. However, if you can’t wait and would like to know
- more about the contents of the discs before the review is published,
- please write to me at the Abacus Training address.
- 7.7
- Stamps
- 7.7
- Danny Fagandini has put the following problem to me: “Is there a way of
- using PipeDream or Resultz to find the ‘best’ way of selecting a stock
- of stamp values?” He says that he faces this problem at least twice a
- week. I can’t speak for Danny but I think our problem is similar. Jill
- (who handles the outgoing post) has a good stock of first and second
- class stamps (now 19p and 25p) but when we send out two discs in one
- pack, we find that we need 38p regularly. The ‘obvious’ way of handling
- 38p is by using two 19p stamps. However, we also send larger parcels (3
- discs needs 47p) and the UK postage then increments in 20p steps. So
- it’s a good idea to hold 20p stamps but, what’s the ‘best’ way of
- getting to 47p? We also send discs to EC counties and even as far away
- as Australia and New Zealand, so we need a few large value stamps. What
- Jill would like to know is what values (out of those which exist!)
- should we stock in order to make up any of the standard postage fees
- with reasonable efficiency.
- 7.7
- I have in mind something like a PipeDream or Resultz spreadsheet with
- available stamp values in column A and with standard postage charges
- along the bottom (or top) row. The bulk of the table would show the
- number of stamps of each value needed to make up the postal charge. I’m
- sure that we could extend such a spreadsheet to keep a record of stamp
- usage and then, after a short trial, ‘optimise’ the stamp purchases in
- such a way that the stock of stamps was minimised and the turnover rate
- of stamps of each value was maximised. As I write, stamp values
- available are: 1p, 2p, 3p, 4p, 5p, 6p, 10p, 18p, 19p, 20p, 24p, 25p,
- 28p, 29p, 30p, 33p, 34p, 35p, 36p, 38p, 39p, 41p, 50p, 75p, £1.00,
- £1.50, £2.00, £5.00 but I suspect (or have been told by our local PO)
- that the 3p, 18p, 24p, 33p, and maybe others, will soon disappear. If
- you know exactly what’s going to be generally available in, say, a month
- or two from now (or if you have even a partial solution to this Stamp
- problem) then please let me know.
- 7.7
- Matrix inversion
- 7.7
- Both PipeDream and Fireworkz contain a matrix inversion function but it
- works only if the matrix is 3 by 3 or smaller! Has anyone a spreadsheet
- custom function (or a technique or even a text book) which will invert
- larger matrices?
- 7.7
- Fireworkz spreadsheets
- 7.7
- If you’re not going to print your spreadsheet but just need it as a
- reference table of data or calculations, the page boundaries are more of
- a nuisance than a help. If you select None from the Page − Paper menu,
- you will modify your document so that there are no page boundaries.
- 7.7
- Unwanted commas in Fireworkz
- 7.7
- I’ve been asked how to make years appear as, say, 1994 instead of 1,994
- particularly in Charts. The solution is to use the Style − Change −
- Number − Format facility.
- 7.7
- Acorn Pocket Book
- 7.7
- Steve Hutchinson is having problems transferring files to and from his
- Acorn Pocket Book. He uses the Lotus-123 PipeDream converter. He says
- “Transfer in either direction causes problems. Going from PipeDream to
- Pocket Book leads to continual recalculation in the Pocket Book. Going
- the other way doesn’t transfer the formulae correctly. . . . I would
- hesitate to commit a . . . spreadsheet to the Pocket Book if PipeDream
- was my only transfer option on the Archimedes”. Fireworkz should provide
- an easier route but can anyone help Steve?
- 7.7
- (Perhaps I should print this question in the Pocket Book Column too.
- Ed.)
- 7.7
- PipeDream upgrade
- 7.7
- The following paragraphs are only part of an interesting letter I have
- received from Peter J Stoner.
- 7.7
- “I am pleased to read in the current issue of the Risc User magazine
- (January 1994?) that there will be an upgrade to PipeDream 4. While the
- new FireWorkz programs seem to be highly regarded by those who have used
- other integrated packages, I am not convinced that Fireworkz overcomes
- the reasons for choosing PipeDream and Acorn machines instead of other
- IBM PC or Apple solutions. No doubt when the upgrade to PipeDream is
- launched, Colton Software will clarify the relative merits in favour of
- PipeDream.
- 7.7
- “It would be good to have some of the style and GUI interface
- improvements which are in Fireworkz so as to make PipeDream look up-to-
- date but without losing the command language and key shortcuts. It would
- also be helpful to be able to see the actual height of fonts which are
- higher than the height of the slot and the full picture when the slot to
- which the picture is referred is scrolled off screen.
- 7.7
- “I sometimes wonder whether, when PipeDream loads, much of the memory
- used is taken up with routines which I may never use in a particular
- session. Would it therefore be possible for the program to be more
- modular (as Fireworkz) and start by loading only the minimum display
- module and load further modules only when required? A Tidy up command
- (as we had in PipeDream 3) could delete these extra modules until needed
- again.
- 7.7
- “Could the minimum display module together with a print module be
- distributed in public domain as a PipeDream Document Reader. Perhaps a
- module to save in ASCII only could be included. This would be different
- from the present PipeDream Demonstration Disc in that it there would be
- no facility to make alterations − it would only be possible to extract
- ASCII text.
- 7.7
- “Perhaps such a document reader could be incorporated in !Genesis to
- enable PipeDream files to be distributed with !Genesis applications. I
- am sure that this would help the sales of the new PipeDream.
- 7.7
- “When references are made to slots in external files, do the supporting
- files need to be displayed on screen? This only adds to the number of
- windows open. Do they even need to be loaded rather than the relevant
- slots just read? This could save memory.
- 7.7
- “If it is possible to drag in sprites drawfiles and charts, would it be
- possible to drag in “Guest” PipeDream documents. For example, there
- could be a slot reference such as @P:document,70@. Rather as you can
- edit a chart, could we have an option Guest document − Edit document”
- 7.7
- If you have suggestions for the new upgraded PipeDream, please let Mark
- Colton and me know.
- 7.7
- Global resources
- 7.7
- Bob Ardler asks: “What are ‘PipeDream global resources’ and
- ‘<PDGlobal$Dir>’ and ‘<PDGlobal $Path>’, referred to in PipeDream’s
- !Run, !Path? The ‘Paths’ manual section (pp193-195) seems on the verge
- of explaining, but...” Have you an example which will help explain these
- system variables?”
- 7.7
- Unwanted formfeeds in Fireworkz
- 7.7
- J M Shepherd writes: “I have a problem with unwanted formfeeds which
- appears to be associated with the ‘Read printer’ function. I have set my
- printer (Star LC24-200) to A4 form length, the driver to A4 (generic dp)
- and used the ‘Read printer’ option on the paper submenu. The result,
- using Colton’s own software (Label3x8 on their Example disc), has
- formfeeds between each set of 8 labels. From the row spacing specified
- in the Style, Label3x8 has a total length of 396 mm, so this alone
- should not generate formfeeds. You may have noticed that using the ‘Read
- printer’ option gives a paper height that differs by a fraction of a
- millimetre from the nominal value. In my case, Fireworkz read an A4
- paper length as 297.02 mm rather than 297.00 mm and this was apparently
- enough to force a formfeed. I confirmed this by reducing the printer
- driver paper length to 296.5 mm. This, in conjunction with the ‘Read
- printer’ function, eliminated the formfeeds, but Fireworkz struck back
- by omitting a pass of the print head from the output. Had it been the
- final pass, at the foot of the page, I might have got away with it but,
- unfortunately, it was the first pass, at the top of the page! As a
- result, the addressee’s name on the 1st, 9th, ... label was missing.
- Colton are, I hope, sorting this one out for us all!”
- 7.7
- Charts in Fireworkz
- 7.7
- Franz Werner says: “Using Charts gave me some problems which might
- interest others. Saving a chart as a drawfile does not work as described
- on page 55 of the Tutorial book. After selecting the chart and selecting
- Make Constant, the Selection button on the Save menu is greyed out and
- it is not possible to save only the chart. The whole sheet is saved as a
- Resultz file, not just the chart. The chart is no longer live − but it
- is not a drawfile either. When the chart has been made constant,
- selecting and cutting the series data in order to finish up with the
- chart only, may remove the chart also. This appears to happen if the
- chart is moved after it has been Made Constant. I find this all very
- confusing.
- 7.7
- “Colton Software point out that the correct way is to select the chart
- (one red line round it) and go to Extra − Pictures − Save which saves
- only the chart as a drawfile. This procedure is hinted at on page 15 of
- the ‘user guide’ but that is about all.
- 7.7
- “It turns out that it is not possible, as it is in PipeDream, to add
- additional text legends/labels to the axes or a title/heading within the
- chart and to move them around to suit. This is acknowledged as an
- omission which Colton Software will put right. Unfortunately, the saved
- drawfile of the chart contains a border which makes the subsequent
- addition of legends or headings difficult. One workaround is to load the
- file into Draw or DrawPlus, ungroup the objects, delete the border,
- select and group all the objects and save the file. Further text can
- then be added in Wordz or whatever.”
- 7.7
- ‘Lost’ marked text
- 7.7
- Derrick Porter writes: “I have observed that if a word, or any section
- of text, is selected and the space bar is then pressed, the section in
- question is deleted. This can be very annoying if you have just
- highlighted a substantial amount of text, to change the style, for
- example. Colton Software have told me that this is an intended feature
- and not a bug. In all current GUI applications (except some in
- RISC OS!), it’s a convention that, to replace text, you select it, then
- type. So when you press <space>, the selected text gets replaced with a
- space. Fireworkz (and Wordz and Resultz) saves this text to the
- clipboard − so if you didn’t mean this to happen you can paste it back.
- If you get used to using the feature you should find it really useful; I
- do!”
- 7.7
- Finally
- 7.7
- Thanks to you all! I’ve had a really interesting batch of letters this
- month. Please keep them coming! A
- 7.7
- Genesis/Magpie Column
- 7.7
- Paul Hooper
- 7.7
- Tidying up Genesis
- 7.7
- Most of the applications/binders that I see could benefit from tidying
- up and what I would like to look at this month is all those little
- extras that improve the overall impression of your application. The
- first and maybe the most obvious is that you have spent many hours
- compiling this application, so why not claim some credit for it and
- place your name not only on the title page but also the ‘info’ box that
- is the top option on your icon? For this, you will need !FormEd which is
- available on Shareware disc 20 from Archive. Just load the templates
- file from your Genesis application into FormEd and alter it to your
- heart’s desire. It also enables you to enter the version number so that
- you can keep track of how your binder develops.
- 7.7
- Surplus pictures
- 7.7
- Genesis has a ‘feature’ which at first looks like a bug. If you delete a
- sprite or drawfile from a page and then place a new sprite with the same
- name on the page, the deleted sprite remains within the page definition
- and the new sprite is renamed as ‘sprite0’. When you then save the page,
- both sprites are retained within the page definition, although only the
- second one is used. To tidy this up and to delete the surplus sprite,
- call up ‘Show Pages’ on the application icon on the iconbar. Call up
- each page definition in turn and examine the sprites within it and
- delete the surplus ones.
- 7.7
- While examining the page definition, check to see if a sprite occurs in
- more than one page and if it does, then shift it into the shared
- resources area and delete it from all the pages. I was recently able to
- reduce the size of an application from 1800Kb to 880Kb by using both of
- these techniques.
- 7.7
- Icons and !Boot Files
- 7.7
- A good icon improves the look of an application no end but, in some
- circumstances, the icon can fail to initialise and is replaced with the
- standard APP icon. I use the pinboard to store quite a few of the
- applications on my hard disc, and sometimes these fail to load the icon
- if you have edited the !Boot file in Edit. I don’t know the technical
- reason for this but the cure is simple, just include a !Boot file within
- your Genesis application that runs something like this:
- 7.7
- IconSprites <Obey$Dir>.!Sprites
- 7.7
- This will ensure that the sprites are correctly loaded.
- 7.7
- Pages and the ‘missing link’
- 7.7
- It can sometimes be very confusing when you have five or six alternative
- ways of turning your pages and it becomes very easy to miss one or send
- the user down a dead end. I always finish an application by drawing a
- flow chart and then checking every available route. Although this can be
- time-consuming, it is well worth it. If the end-user becomes frustrated
- with dead ends or failed links, he is much more likely to bin your
- application. Even better is to pass on a copy of your application to
- someone else and let them identify the missing links.
- 7.7
- Tidying up Magpie
- 7.7
- Magpie binders are stored in a single file, and if you then delete a
- sprite or page, the space that this occupied in the file is left blank.
- This means that binders can have a series of ‘holes’ and take up more
- disc space than required. There is an option to compact a binder which
- will remove these holes but, by default, this option is disabled. To
- check whether it is enabled in your copy of !Magpie, open up your copy
- of !Magpie by holding down <shift> and double-clicking with <select>.
- Drag the !Run file into Edit and examine the last line which should look
- something like this:
- 7.7
- Run “<Magpie$Dir>.!runImage” -g60 −r120 -a -h c“<Magpie$ Language>”. %*0
- 7.7
- The only thing that needs concern us is the ‘-a’ parameter. If this is
- missing from your copy of Magpie, insert it and save the !Run file. Load
- any binder into this new version of Magpie and open up the contents
- page. Use <menu> over any of the tools at the top of the contents page
- and you should now have the option to ‘compact binder’.
- 7.7
- Before you compact your binder, copy it into a RAM disc which is at
- least 20% bigger than the size of the binder − more if you can manage
- it. Also get up the free space option on the RAM disc and keep an eye on
- it. Run your binder from RAM, open the contents page and compact it. The
- first thing you will notice is that the size of the binder increases!
- Don’t worry − this is the program claiming space to write to. After a
- few minutes, Magpie will report that compaction is complete and you will
- have a binder which looks bigger than the original, but all you need do
- now is to close the contents page and only then will the binder actually
- shrink.
- 7.7
- Magpie applications
- 7.7
- No, it’s not a mistake − you can make your binders into stand-alone
- applications. I am grateful to Antony Froggett and Alan Shelton for
- their ideas on this. Both had tackled the problem in a slightly
- different way but the results are much the same.
- 7.7
- Once you have made your binder, create an application directory with the
- same name as your binder except that it is prefixed by the ! character.
- Copy your binder into this application then open up !MagpiRead and copy
- the entire contents into your application directory. Design your own
- sprite with the same name as the application and place it in the
- !Sprites inside your application.
- 7.7
- Now we need to alter the !Run file, so drag it into Edit and find the
- line which reads:
- 7.7
- | set Magpie$Default Browse
- 7.7
- At the moment, this line is commented out because of the | character at
- the start of the line, so delete this character. Move on to the last
- line of the !Run file. We need to alter this so that it will only load
- your application. Add the parameter ‘-B’, as shown below, then a path
- name to find the application. This parameter ensures that this copy of
- !MagpiRead will only load your application.
- 7.7
- Run “<MagpieBrowse$Dir>.!runImage” −BADFS::0.$.!Fun.Fun -sg -g60 −r120 -
- c“<Magpie$Language>”. %*0
- 7.7
- In this example, the application is called !Fun and the Magpie binder
- inside it is called Fun and they are on a floppy in drive 0. As an
- example, I have put a Magpie binder on this month’s disc which
- illustrates the way to do this, but you will have to uncompact it on to
- a separate disc in the root directory before it will run.
- 7.7
- The Swap Shop
- 7.7
- I would like to thank Paul Cross for a series of small Genesis
- applications that he has sent. Most are designed by his class and we
- have added two to the catalogue, ‘What are things made of?’ is on
- materials, and ‘Queen Victoria’ is about the Queen and her family.
- Antony Froggett sent me a copy of a Magpie binder that he uses at Open
- Days at Portsmouth College to introduce students to the Sociology course
- − I wish I could sign up for it! I have also compiled a hints binder
- from the examples that normally go on the Archive monthly disc.
- 7.7
- My thanks also to Alan Shelton who has sent two Magpie binders on the
- Stuarts and Tudors, covering not only important events but also the
- personalities of the periods. As an exercise in using Genesis script
- language, I have designed an adding skill-and-drill program using
- cartoon characters. At the moment, I am about half way through the
- !Paint Tutor which should be ready in about three weeks time.
- 7.7
- This gives us a catalogue with nearly thirty applications, so if you
- require a copy of the catalogue then send me a blank 800Kb disc and the
- return postage to the address at the end of the article.
- 7.7
- The End Bit
- 7.7
- If you have any question about Genesis or Magpie or if you would like to
- send me any applications, please send them to Paul Hooper, 11 Rochford
- Road, Martham, Great Yarmouth, NR29 4RL. (0493-748474)
- 7.7
- Next month, I hope to be able to bring you a review of Genesis
- Professional − if my copy comes through in the next few weeks. A
- 7.7
- ASM_Help
- 7.7
- Jonathan Quigly
- 7.7
- ASM_Help from Stallion Software Ltd is an application that provides
- interactive help for programmers developing assembler programs using the
- Acorn Desktop Assembler. It uses the StrongHlp program (version 1.22)
- which is also supplied by Stallion Software.
- 7.7
- Documentation
- 7.7
- There is no manual supplied with the application and so the use of the
- program was determined by trial and error. Whilst the program is
- intuitive to use, a READ_ME file to help get you started would have been
- helpful.
- 7.7
- The review was performed using an A410/1 fitted with RISC OS 3.10, so I
- can’t comment on whether the program will run on RISC OS 2, although it
- certainly makes use of the new RISC OS 3 facilities.
- 7.7
- The disc
- 7.7
- The disc contains the !ASM_Help application along with !StrongHlp and a
- freeware copy of !StrongED (version 2.54 − dated 07-Jul-93). Also
- included are !System and !Scrap directories. StrongED itself was
- reviewed in Archive 7.2 p73.
- 7.7
- The program
- 7.7
- To use ASM_Help, you first have to start StrongHlp which causes a large
- question mark icon to appear on the iconbar. Subsequently double-
- clicking on the ASM_Help icon, whilst not showing any visible signs that
- it has made any difference, will cause ASM_Help to make itself known to
- the StrongHlp program and allow assembler help to be provided.
- 7.7
- This help is provided either via interaction with the StrongHlp
- application or it may be invoked using the <f1> key within StrongED −
- more of that later.
- 7.7
- Clicking <menu> on the StrongHlp iconbar icon shows that StrongHlp
- provides the facilities to display help for multiple applications −
- StrongHelp, Asm and StrongEd in this case.
- 7.7
- Clicking on the sub-menu Asm entry displays the following help window:
- 7.7
- Clicking on any of the middle five lines (which are displayed in red)
- displays another window with further help. Likewise, in this window any
- further words in red can be clicked on and further windows will be
- displayed in a manner reminiscent of hypertext systems.
- 7.7
- The program attempts to follow the Acorn Style guidelines and therefore
- works in a largely intuitive manner. For example, clicking with <adjust>
- on a red highlighted word closes the parent window and opens a new
- window for the word highlighted in red.
- 7.7
- An example of the help provided, the info on the ADC instruction, is
- shown below:
- 7.7
- For those of you who don’t yet subscribe to the full colour edition of
- Archive(!), the cond, S, Rd, Rn, Op2 words on the Syntax: line are all
- words highlighted in red that are selectable. Likewise, the 1S and 1N
- words in the Speed: entry are also highlighted in red and therefore
- selectable.
- 7.7
- So, for example, selecting the highlighted Op2 word, displays the
- following window:
- 7.7
- where Rs, shift and Rm are all selectable words.
- 7.7
- You can easily end up with a lot of windows open if you are not careful!
- That is obviously why there is a Close all option on the StrongHlp
- iconbar menu.
- 7.7
- Configuration
- 7.7
- The StrongHlp application allows a large number of configuration options
- as shown in the submenu below (which is selectable from the iconbar
- menu):
- 7.7
- All the colours can be altered, including the red highlighted word
- colour (Link col in the menu above). Full interactive help support is
- provided, including for all menu entries − I wish all programs did this.
- This help can either be displayed via Acorn’s Help application,
- accessible via the standard Apps directory or via StrongHlp itself.
- Clicking <adjust> on the StrongHlp iconbar icon opens an interactive
- help window that works in a similar way to the standard Help
- application. Amusingly, StrongHlp identifies ‘shy’ applications, i.e.
- those applications that don’t provide any help, by displaying a message
- such as “This is the shy Impression application” when the pointer is
- moved over the Impression iconbar icon. (Yet another reason to upgrade
- to Impression Publisher!)
- 7.7
- StrongED
- 7.7
- As mentioned earlier, the StrongED text editor provides a facility to
- invoke help dynamically whilst editing. Placing the cursor in a word and
- pressing <f1> attempts to display help for that word. If the word cannot
- be found, a small window is displayed advertising this fact.
- 7.7
- For this to be effective, both StrongHlp and ASM_Help must have been
- loaded. If this hasn’t been done then, if the StrongHlp icon has been
- seen by the Filer, StrongHlp will be loaded. However, this does not
- appear to apply to ASM_Help and this has to be done manually by double
- clicking on the ASM_Help icon.
- 7.7
- Resource usage
- 7.7
- !ASM_help takes up approximately 54Kb of disc space and !StrongHlp
- approximately 36Kb. The help text is not compressed. Compressing the
- applications by storing them in a Compression directory drops the total
- disc space requirement down to under 56Kb − a saving of approximately
- 40%. I assume similar savings would be achieved with other compressed
- filing systems.
- 7.7
- The Task Manager indicates that StrongHlp is using 64Kb. A small
- relocatable module is also loaded which provides a command to broadcast
- a string to a running Wimp-task and appears to be the mechanism that
- ASM_Help uses to announce itself to StrongHlp.
- 7.7
- Improvements
- 7.7
- It is nearly always easy to find ways in which a program can be
- improved. However, all program authors have to draw the line somewhere
- otherwise their programs would never get published.
- 7.7
- It would be good for the program to recognise all forms of assembler
- mnemonics when linking from StrongED via the <f1> key. For example,
- whilst it provides help on the keyword LDR, it won’t find an entry for
- LDRNE, LDRB, etc. This would create a more flexible link from StrongED
- and make the use of the <f1> key even more effective.
- 7.7
- An option to select (and save) the favoured help to be displayed when
- clicking on the StrongHlp iconbar icon, would be helpful. You always get
- help on StrongHlp if you do this. To get to ASM_help requires a <menu>
- click followed by menu navigation and then selecting the Asm help entry.
- 7.7
- Conclusion
- 7.7
- The question is, how helpful is the help provided?
- 7.7
- For the programmer who dabbles from time to time in assembly programming
- or for those just starting to program in assembler, ASM_Help is a useful
- aid. It provides more usable and effective help than that provided by
- the <f1> key in SRCEdit program provided as part of the Acorn Desktop
- Development Environment which is included with the Desktop Assembler.
- This invokes an Acorn help description file that is of a far more
- rudimentary form, only providing one level of help, unlike StrongHlp
- with its “hypertext” style multi-level help.
- 7.7
- It is important to note that the help provided is no substitute for
- having at least a basic understanding of assembly language programming.
- However, it does provide a useful facility. It can save time looking in
- the manual for the finer points of detail and acts as an immediate
- reminder of the instruction formats and assembly commands required. More
- importantly, the help provided contains enough detail to be useful and
- indeed helpful − short of having the full manual available via CD-ROM!
- 7.7
- ASM_Help costs £15 inclusive from Stallion Software or £10 inclusive if
- you already have StrongED. A
- 7.7
- This review was of version 1.00 of ASM_Help but I understand that
- version 1.01 is now available which also provides help for the assembler
- provided as part of standard Acorn Basic. Ed.
- 7.7
- Acorn User Spring Show ’94
- 7.7
- Paul Beverley
- 7.7
- Since last month’s article, the following exhibitors have decided to
- come and join us at Harrogate:
- 7.7
- Apricote Studios, Anglia TV, Iota, Minerva Software, Quantum Software
- and Snap Computers.
- 7.7
- New products
- 7.7
- Some companies are prepared to say what they are working on, so I
- thought it would be good to do a round-up of some of them. Other
- companies are more cagey and won’t say what their new products are −
- they just say that people should come and see for themselves −
- tantalising! What I shall do, therefore is to list the products that
- companies have told me about so far...
- 7.7
- 4th Dimension are hoping to have on sale (but certainly on
- demonstration) the follow-up to Haunted House − Gordon Key’s latest
- game, Time Machine. They are also hoping to have some new courses
- available for Stunt Racer.
- 7.7
- Apricote Studios − Personal Accounts version 3 is to be launched − a
- complete re-write of their accounts program first launched in 1990. The
- latest version gives Personal Accounts all the best advantages of up-to-
- date WIMP techniques.
- 7.7
- Castle Technology will, of course, be showing their Ergo Keyboards but
- also various monitors, hard drives and printers as well as the CadMust
- PCB programs which they are now importing.
- 7.7
- Clares Micros say that version 2 of Schema should be available at the
- Show with a whole range of new features.
- 7.7
- Colton Software will be showing ClassCardz, educational support
- materials to help teachers introduce Wordz, Resultz and Fireworkz to the
- students and to use them across the curriculum. They will also be
- talking about the progress of Recordz, due for release later in the
- year.
- 7.7
- Computer Concepts − Impression Publisher will be on show with advanced
- features like text flow around irregular objects, control over page
- bleed, crop marks, separation names and registration marks, advanced
- colour support, TIFF filters, etc. MacFS is a filing system for
- Archimedes which will read and write Mac SuperDrive floppies, external
- hard discs and SyQuests. It will cost around £100. You will also be able
- to see the JPEG and PhotoCD loaders.
- 7.7
- Datafile will have a new package of fonts designed by Tony Nash. The
- samples which Datafile sent looked very good − the fonts are very
- intricate and decorative.
- 7.7
- Irlam Instruments will be releasing a new version of ImageBank and are
- working on their scanner software, ProI-Mage, as well as a Stitching
- application which joins up images that have been scanned in strips.
- 7.7
- Krisalis will be launching the Bitmap Brothers’ hit, Speedball 2.
- 7.7
- Norwich Computer Services − They say they are going to be offering
- special deals on computer sales. They will be giving free Archive
- subscriptions, free telephone hot-line support and even a free hardware
- upgrade with every computer sold at the Show!
- 7.7
- They are also hoping to have a new range of removable drives on sale −
- 3½“, 270Mb Syquest drives to be specific. Pricing is not yet fixed.
- 7.7
- Oregan Developments are launching two new games: Sally and Wally, an
- action platform game, and Magnetoids, the first 3D version of Asteroids.
- Their most important new program though is Photo-Touch which aims to
- bring the facilities of Mac packages such as PhotoShop to Acorn
- machines. It will be a complete image-processing and electronic photo-
- touch-up package which will work on formats from 256-colour to 24-bit
- TIFF and Clear files. Expected launch price: £79.95.
- 7.7
- Quantum Software is working on a mega Pinboard program called Blinds,
- which they will be demonstrating at the Show. They will be launching
- Keystroke v3. Quantum claim that version 2 of Keystroke is the “best-
- selling utility for the Acorn Risc computer range”.
- 7.7
- Sherston Software − Around the World in 80 Days is designed for upper
- primary school pupils and will introduce them to a range of geographical
- skills including grid references, longitude and time zones, latitude,
- contours, bearings etc, all presented within an adventure as wicked
- Wiley Windbag tries to thwart the efforts of the global travellers
- Freddie and Francis Fogg (Phileas Fogg’s children?). They have two maths
- adventures, Space City and Sea Rescue, almost ready now and should
- certainly be available in time for the Show.
- 7.7
- Sherston are also arranging a Crystal Maze Challenge − players of
- Crystal Maze are invited to enter a team to battle against the computer,
- culminating in a head-to-head between the best teams in the main
- theatre.
- 7.7
- Spacetech say they are hoping to have something really exciting to
- launch at the Show − aimed at a much wider market than hitherto − but
- that’s all they will say for now!
- 7.7
- Stallion Software will be launching C Help, providing on-line help for C
- programmers and a new release of StrongEd.
- 7.7
- StateMachine will have their new IDE interface as well as the A5000
- ClusterCard expansion system. ClusterCard is based on a central board
- which fits into the MEMC socket and is designed to accept 4 or 8Mb of
- RAM to add to the A5000’s 4Mb. A G335 graphics accelerator card can also
- be added to it and the ARM processor can then have direct access to its
- video memory, meaning that whatever screen mode you are working in, the
- processor will run at full speed.
- 7.7
- Topologika say that Talking Rhymes will finally surface (details in
- Products Available two months ago − oops!) and they will be showing a
- program called Mottik written for Design Works, a hands-on design and
- technology exhibition in Birmingham in June. Mottik will allow users to
- experiment with a limited set of Mottik bricks − Britain’s answer to
- Lego. Also on show will be Number Tiles, a number skills pack for
- primary school children.
- 7.7
- Wild Vision − Lark A16 is a 16-bit stereo sound-sampling board (a joint
- venture with CC). For more details, see David Lenthall’s article on
- page 39. It will retail at £199 +VAT or £230 through Archive. TV Buddy
- is a TV tuner outputting video and audio for use with their own
- digitisers. With it, you will be able to view TV on your computer
- monitor while you work! It is a single width podule and the tuning is
- done under software control.
- 7.7
- Wyddfa Software will launch Talking Stories, a new series of interactive
- story books starting with Gwen’s Nose, Gwen’s Tummy, Gwen at the Fair
- and Gwen goes to School. Wyddfa are also running a competition for Welsh
- primary schools, the aim being for each school to create a booklet in
- Welsh. The winning booklet will be turned into a talking version by
- Wyddfa.
- 7.7
- Any more new products?
- 7.7
- There will be lots more information about new products in the May issue
- of Archive − some extremely exciting ones, too, I reckon.
- 7.7
- See you there!
- 7.7
- I hope we will see many of you at Harrogate next month − do stop off at
- the Norwich Computer Services stand (119 − just past the 4th Dimension!)
- and say hello. I think you will find that the Spring 1994 Acorn User
- Show will be a show to remember − as they say, “Be there, or be
- square!” A
- 7.7
- 16-bit I/O Card
- 7.7
- Gary Stevenson
- 7.7
- This article reviews the 16-bit I/O card for the Archimedes from
- Intelligent Interfaces. It is difficult to review such a piece of
- equipment without reference to a particular application. I will
- therefore start by introducing the application for which I am using this
- card and then move on to some of the details of the card.
- 7.7
- A bit of background...
- 7.7
- I have been interested in stage lighting for many years since being
- heavily involved in lighting at school. While I was there, I built an
- 8-channel flash box which plugged into the user port of a BBC Micro. It
- was then I realised the potential for a computer-controlled lighting
- system and it has taken me 6 years (University got in the way) before
- finally building the next version.
- 7.7
- As you have probably guessed (because you’re reading Archive) this
- system will operate using Acorn machines and this version is going to be
- just a tad more sophisticated than Mark 1.
- 7.7
- I should probably make it clear that I am not a hardware engineer. I
- understand a bit about electronics and how to hook up lots of logic
- gates to get the desired effect but the real nitty gritty of electronics
- is not my field. I am much more of a software person and it is this
- aspect of a computer-controlled lighting system that interests me the
- most. The hardware I am building interfaces the Acorn machine to
- standard lighting equipment and my own control panels. These panels will
- have indicators and sliders which are used by the operator for features
- that cannot be achieved using a mouse or keyboard.
- 7.7
- What I wanted to build was a modular system that could be extended in
- the future. It had to be relatively cheap because I was paying for it
- all (there’s no commercial aspect to this at present) and I had to be
- able to build it with limited tools and test equipment.
- 7.7
- Interfacing the system to the Archimedes has taken a lot of time and
- thought. However, in the end I went for the 16-bit I/O card. Other
- options such as connecting to the serial port are too slow. Eight-bit
- user ports are cheap and easily available but simply do not have enough
- data lines. Building my own podule (sorry expansion card!) sounded
- dangerous, involves too much electronics know-how and it would be
- difficult to manage the timing.
- 7.7
- The I/O card allows relatively fast data transfer (200,000 16-bit
- operations per second is quoted) which is asynchronous, has simple
- electronics to cope with it and allows me long leads (I am using about a
- metre) to be used in connecting it the Archimedes.
- 7.7
- The 16-bit I/O card from Intelligent Interfaces
- 7.7
- The first point to make is the name. If this was the PC market, I’m sure
- it would be called a 32-bit I/O card because it does in fact have 32 I/O
- lines and 8 control lines all of which are buffered. The reason it’s
- called a 16-bit card is because you can read or write to 16 bits in one
- operation. There are two 16-bit ports which you can read or write to, 8
- bits of each port at the same time. Note that you can’t of course read
- from one and write to the other at the same time.
- 7.7
- What you get:
- 7.7
- • A half-width expansion card
- 7.7
- • An A5 ring bound manual and errata sheet
- 7.7
- • A disc
- 7.7
- • A half-width expansion blanking plate to fill any gaps you may have
- created in fitting the card.
- 7.7
- The card itself uses two 6522 VIA chips, the same as used in the old BBC
- Micro, although they are clocked at twice the rate. It’s a double-sided
- single layer board with all the components on one side and with all the
- ones you’re likely to wreck held in sockets. There are also quite a few
- links and a DIP switch to configure the card, and the outputs which are
- by way of two 40-way IDC connectors. OK, so we’re talking pretty low
- tech, but that’s all it really needs and it does mean that it should be
- very reliable and bomb-proof.
- 7.7
- A point to note here is that the card is hardware-configured. You
- cannot, for example, change the direction of one of the ports simply by
- sending the appropriate commands to the card. The reason for this is
- quite simple. The card has output buffers which are octal transceivers.
- The DIP switches on the card select whether the ports are input or
- output by setting up the transceivers. The quick ones among you would
- have already worked out that, because of the octal transceivers, you
- cannot, for example, have four input lines and four output lines on the
- same port of a particular VIA. In other words, each of the four ports is
- either an 8-bit input or an 8-bit output port and it is fixed until you
- change the settings.
- 7.7
- This then makes the card more difficult to use for general purpose
- applications than the 8-bit user port on the Beeb − which got around
- this problem by not being buffered. I think you may be able to get
- around this restriction by removing the buffer chips from the sockets
- and making the appropriate links across the socket so that the 6522
- drives the connectors directly. This, of course, would mean that there
- was no protection to the VIA (like the beeb) but you could put your own
- buffering on your own particular piece of kit. I see no reason why this
- shouldn’t work but I haven’t tested it and don’t quote me on it!
- 7.7
- This may be a big restriction for some applications but not for mine, as
- it is configured and will never be changed again. It is this type of
- application that this card is aimed at − to enable the computer to drive
- a special piece of equipment that can be driven or monitored using I/O
- lines. You could connect up to four of these cards to one computer each
- configured differently.
- 7.7
- The manual refers to a special cable which you can use to test the card.
- It requires the card to be configured to the state that it is supplied
- in. Unfortunately, however, the manual does not tell you what the
- special cable is, so I decided that, as I had already made up some 40
- way IDC leads, that it probably just links the two ports together
- straight through. It’s also unfortunate that the test programs listed in
- the manual are not on the disc! Why? − I haven’t a clue − there’s plenty
- of room for them. So I gave up on that idea − the last time I typed in a
- program listing was in the days of ZX Spectrum hex dumps (never again!).
- Don’t get me wrong, these programs are not long but they should really
- be on the disc. Also, the details of the what the lead is, or even one
- supplied, would be very useful.
- 7.7
- (As a result of Gary’s comment, I-I are now supplying a test cable with
- the podule. Ed.)
- 7.7
- The card itself is of type ‘simple podule’ which means that it has no
- software built into it but has a simple identification system (an 8-bit
- word) to tell the computer that it’s there.
- 7.7
- What’s on the disc?
- 7.7
- On the disc are a couple of versions of a module to access the card
- through SWI’s, Basic and Fortran libraries. Unfortunately, no C library
- is included which is a shame, especially as I am writing my application
- in C. The two modules do the same thing except one is a standard module
- and the other is a bit clever, as it intercepts a vector for faster
- operation.
- 7.7
- (I-I say they don’t supply a C library because it is so easy to call the
- SWIs using the generic SWI interface _kernel_SWI. Ed.)
- 7.7
- Testing the card
- 7.7
- Before I started fiddling with the settings on the card, I thought I’d
- test it to some degree by hooking up something to the 16-bit output
- port. Yes, I used − LEDs − well, it would prove that it worked!
- 7.7
- Well, I managed to get myself in a bit of a mess here. Trying to work
- out how to access a particular 8-bit port of a particular 6522 connected
- to either of the two connectors at the back can get a bit confusing. Now
- that I’ve done it, it actually seems quite logical, and I have to say
- that the manual is absolutely correct − but it took a while to get my
- head around it.
- 7.7
- To access this port, you would use the command (in Basic) wrls(slot, 0,
- &ff). This means (wr)ite to the (l)east (s)ignificant port. The first
- parameter is the slot number in the computer. The second parameter is
- the register in the VIA. Register 0 is the output register for Port B,
- and &ff is the value to put in that register. This diagram shows you the
- structure of the card.
- 7.7
- My configuration
- 7.7
- For my setup, I have configured the card like the bus of a computer. I
- have allocated I/O lines to specific tasks as follows:
- 7.7
- Lines I/O Use
- 7.7
- Data lines
- 7.7
- 8 Out Address lines
- 7.7
- 8 Out Data Out lines
- 7.7
- 8 In Data In lines
- 7.7
- 4 Out Card select lines (16 cards)
- 7.7
- 4 Out Spare
- 7.7
- Signal lines
- 7.7
- 1 Out Write handshake − data ready
- 7.7
- 1 In Write handshake − data taken
- 7.7
- 1 Out Read handshake − data taken
- 7.7
- 1 In Read handshake − data ready
- 7.7
- 4 In Interrupt inputs
- 7.7
- This gives me sixteen cards each with 256 addresses to read and another
- 256 addresses to write to. I then access an 8-bit device by setting the
- correct card number, address and then writing the data to the data out
- lines. When this happens, a write handshake data ready signal is
- automatically generated which latches that 8-bit word into the system.
- This is achieved using by putting the VIA in pulse mode which takes the
- handshake line low for 0.5µS. The circuit to do this would be something
- like:
- 7.7
- Support
- 7.7
- When I have spoken to Intelligent Interfaces, they have always been very
- helpful. They did, in fact, help me to decide the best way to go about
- this system.
- 7.7
- Quality of documentation
- 7.7
- The documentation is OK but I would have preferred to see some
- electronics discussed in the documentation. Although, as the manual
- says, each application of this card is likely to be very different, I
- think some examples of its use would be helpful to cover the basic
- functions such as: handling interrupts, reading and writing data −
- especially how to handle the handshaking aspects of this and using the
- timers and shift registers.
- 7.7
- Verdict
- 7.7
- The card is quite expensive and you can get similar things for the PC
- cheaper. However, in the Acorn market we have to pay a premium for very
- low volume products, especially ones like this. What convinced me to buy
- one was the fact that the cost for me to build one would be about the
- same. (The cost of the technical reference manuals is £75 of it.) Then
- there’s all the hassle of making it work. So far, I have had no problems
- in getting it to work and it seems to be pretty robust. Some
- improvements to the documentation and test programs on the disc would
- make this the ideal solution for anyone wanting to build or control some
- gadgets from their Archimedes.
- 7.7
- The card costs £200 +p&p +VAT from Intelligent Interfaces or £230
- through Archive. A
- 7.7
- Computer & Electronics Holiday for Young People !!
- 7.7
- Scripture Union runs a Computer & Electronics Holiday for 13 to 16 year
- olds (boys and girls) at an attractive school in the Hertfordshire
- countryside.
- 7.7
- The dates? August 1st − 9th, 1994.
- 7.7
- The price? £112.
- 7.7
- For details, write to Jim Maddox, S.U. Holidays, 69 Claverdale Road,
- Tube Hill, London SW2 2DH or phone 081-671-8761.
- 7.7
- Sherston Naughty Stories − Volume 2
- 7.7
- Jeanette Crafer
- 7.7
- Talking Software Volume 2 for young children is produced by Sherston
- Software and costs £47 +VAT or £52 through Archive. (For a review of
- Volume 1, see Archive 6.6 p77.) The package contains six stories each
- one on disc and in book format. Detailed operating instructions are
- included which are well set out and easy to follow and once loaded on to
- the iconbar using the program is plain sailing.
- 7.7
- Classroom use
- 7.7
- I introduced this program to a vertically grouped class containing Years
- Reception, 1, 2, 3. The interest level was high in the early stages with
- all children showing a keen interest. The characters in the stories were
- popular and the children enjoyed the simple animation and sound effects.
- The speech was clear and usually easy to hear even in a busy Infants’
- class! After an initial introduction with the children, this really is
- a program which needs very little teacher intervention. All the children
- very quickly learned how to turn the page and use all the effects.
- 7.7
- The only problem I experienced was that some children were so impatient
- for the next page to load that they would not wait for the hour-glass to
- finish before clicking the mouse buttons again. This resulted in a
- continuous turning of pages before they could be read.
- 7.7
- Conclusion
- 7.7
- The Stories have an immediate appeal and are very user-friendly. All the
- features I would look for in books for beginning-readers are present.
- They are an ideal resource for children working up to Key Stage 1 and I
- found that they were also readily used by older children with special
- needs. A
- 7.7
- Small
- 7.7
- Gabriel Swords
- 7.7
- Small is a new game from a new software house. Virgo Software have
- recently started writing games for the Acorn platform and this is their
- first offering. It’s a 3D maze game with 52 levels of complexity and a
- host of evil-looking opponents to stop you reaching your goal.
- 7.7
- The scenario...
- 7.7
- To teach you a lesson, the gods have shrunk you to a microscopic size
- and cast you deep into the labyrinthine realm of your own mind. To
- return to normal size, you must escape from an expanding web of ever
- more complex mazes before your time, or energy, runs out.
- 7.7
- The game
- 7.7
- You enter the maze at level one and navigate your way around until you
- find the exit − on the way you can collect magic potions, health fixes,
- ammunition, treasure and bombs.
- 7.7
- Sounds easy? Well, it would be if all you had to do was wander round
- collecting various bits of memorabilia − but it wouldn’t be much of a
- game, would it? To slow you up, there’s an array of animate and
- inanimate objects all doing their best to maim or exterminate you.
- 7.7
- Level one is easy enough − but don’t hang around because time runs out
- very quickly. Level two doesn’t present much problem but from level
- three, it’s down hill all the way! This is where you come into contact
- with some of the nasties − like the Acid clouds − nasty green things
- which float along corridors, usually the ones you want to go down,
- dropping slimy acid blobs on the floor − touch them and you have a
- sudden decrease in health.
- 7.7
- Then there are the Arachnids − giant leg-gnashing spiders who attack you
- mercilessly from around corners or from behind and there are robot
- sentries who run at you, sending out frightening electrifying charges.
- Both of these you have to destroy before they get to you, otherwise it’s
- bye, bye.
- 7.7
- What you can’t destroy are things like the Evil Eyes. They don’t
- actually harm you − they just paralyse you momentarily − but this can be
- very annoying if you’re being chased by a spider. You can’t destroy the
- Hermits either − no, not monks who live in caves but crab-like creatures
- who appear, fire at you, then disappear.
- 7.7
- Or the Heads. Heads aren’t too much of a problem in that they don’t do
- anything except block your way, but if you fire at them, your shots
- rebound back onto you! If they do get in your way, a bomb − providing
- you have one − will easily eliminate them. Rocks are no problem either.
- They just get in your way and can be blasted with ease − but be careful,
- there may be something behind them!!!
- 7.7
- Odds and ends
- 7.7
- Every sixth level, you get a password into the next five − so you don’t
- have to start at the beginning each time you have a game. With each new
- set of levels, you also see a change in the style of maze. There’s about
- five styles in all, including stockade fencing, steel walls − which
- sound like steel walls when you hit them − and some futuristic designs.
- 7.7
- One of the great things about Small is that you don’t know what’s around
- the next corner so you go cautiously when you first enter but the more
- cautious you are, the more time you take up. Of course, there maybe
- nothing around the corner, on the other hand there could be a real nasty
- waiting for you − the suspense is killing!
- 7.7
- As you progress through the different levels, the mazes become
- increasingly more complicated, and the nasties seem to increase in
- number.
- 7.7
- The 3D effect of this game is very good. You really do get the feeling
- of depth, both horizontally and vertically. Put your head phones on and
- you can hear the sound of bouncing Spirit Balls and Spiders, etc coming
- at you in stereo, increasing the three dimensional feel of the game.
- 7.7
- Niggles
- 7.7
- Well, there are three. Firstly, although you score points when you pick
- up treasure, keys and such-like, there’s no high score table − so it
- doesn’t matter that I got more points than my kids because no one’s
- keeping count. Secondly, you can’t alter the control keys − perhaps not
- too much of a problem but I would have liked to use keys I was already
- used to. Thirdly, I can’t get my joystick to work with the game, though
- they say it should. These are only small niggles, not major complaints.
- 7.7
- Conclusion
- 7.7
- The kids and I enjoyed playing this game. I can see that once you get to
- know where the exits are, it could become a bit too easy, but I think it
- will take a bit of time before you do, and anyway once you’ve been off
- it for a few days you forget where things are.
- 7.7
- A good start from Virgo, and with more in the pipeline, I hope we can
- look forward to some more entertaining games in the future.
- 7.7
- Small costs £24.95 from Virgo Software or £23 through Archive. A
- 7.7
- Introducing Your Computer − 4
- 7.7
- Norfolk IT Team
- 7.7
- Three months ago, we introduced disc-handling by covering the formatting
- of a floppy disc. This month, we’ll do some more on discs and organising
- your work on them.
- 7.7
- Hard disc − floppy disc
- 7.7
- Users of older computers, such as the BBC B and Master series, are
- sometimes confused about the difference between a hard disc and a floppy
- disc. This confusion usually arises because there has been a change in
- the type of floppy disc in use in most machines from the old 5¼“ type to
- the currently fashionable 3½” standard. The outer case of the 5¼“ disc
- is rather flimsy and it is easy to appreciate the ‘floppiness’ of these
- floppy discs. The 3½” disc used in the Archimedes machines is just a
- floppy disc in a tougher shell. In fact, although it is physically
- smaller, much more information is stored upon it than was possible with
- a BBC Master and an old 5¼“ disc.
- 7.7
- The confusion between the hard disc and the floppy disc is made worse by
- the fact that although people are always talking about hard discs, you
- never actually get to see them! Hard discs are large capacity discs
- usually sited inside the main box of your computer − although there are
- some which have boxes of their own and are connected to the computer by
- a length of cable. Generally, you don’t pop hard discs in and out of a
- machine like floppy discs and so you are unlikely to clap eyes on one.
- 7.7
- (There are hard discs that you can take out like floppies so, to
- differentiate them, we call the “removable hard discs”. Ed.)
- 7.7
- Hard disc advantages
- 7.7
- Why might you want one of these hard discs which everyone is talking
- about? Well, they are bigger... and they are faster.
- 7.7
- The size difference is quite significant − a standard density floppy
- disc can hold only 0.8 megabytes of information.
- 7.7
- [Hang on, what’s a megabyte? A computer stores information
- electronically as a series of numbers. These numbers are all either 0 or
- 1, just as most electrical switches are either off or on. A single 0 or
- 1 stored by the computer is known as a ‘bit’. Computers use chunks of
- eight bits at a time, known as bytes (‘by eights’, get it?). A byte can
- have any value from 0 to 255. This provides more than enough numbers to
- represent all the characters needed, characters such as the letter ‘A’,
- digit ‘5’ or the ‘£’ character, for instance. So one byte of storage
- space can represent one character. By itself, one character is not much
- use and so memory is usually measured in larger chunks. A kilobyte is,
- as one might expect, about 1000 bytes − actually it’s 1024 − two to the
- power of ten. A megabyte is about a million bytes, or characters, of
- storage space − actually, it’s 1024 × 1024 = 1,048,576. In other words
- the 0.8 Megabyte disc can store about eight hundred thousand separate
- characters.]
- 7.7
- (’Scuse me, but for space sake, I’m going to change to Mb instead of
- megabytes and Kb instead of kilobytes. OK? Ed.)
- 7.7
- A hard disc, which might be any size from 20Mb upwards, can hold the
- equivalent of a box load of floppy discs. Imagine the bother that does
- away with! If someone were to suggest that it would be better to have
- all the volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica bound into one, you
- would no doubt think them a few bits short of a byte. Your opinion would
- be based upon your knowledge of the difficulty of looking things up in
- such a gargantuan tome. However, the computer’s gargantuan storage on
- hard disc is not a problem because sorting through masses of information
- to find something quickly is one of the things at which computers excel.
- 7.7
- Computers find and read information stored on hard discs much faster
- than with floppies. I remember when I first got a disc drive for my BBC
- B microcomputer some years back, having previously stored everything on
- audio cassette tapes (yes, we did that!). The difference in speed was
- phenomenal. More than that, I seemed to spend much less time fiddling
- about with the wretched machine trying to adjust it properly and so on.
- As soon as I had got used to using a disc drive, I would not entertain
- the thought of returning to tape-based storage. The move to using a hard
- disc drive on my Acorn A3000 was similarly empowering. I would never go
- back now to using a floppy-only machine − it just seems so inconvenient.
- Acorn users who lack a hard disc often get messages to insert this or
- that disc into their machine. This becomes frustrating as well as taking
- up time. All this may sound rather depressing if you have parted with
- hard-earned cash to buy a machine without a hard drive. Hopefully, this
- article will help you to maximise the efficiency with which you use your
- discs and be of assistance to owners of any Archimedes-type computer.
- 7.7
- Disc organisation
- 7.7
- A computer disc is rather like an office filing cabinet. You could store
- everything in such a cabinet by just opening a drawer at random and
- slinging things in. It would get things stored − and quickly too − but
- think of the problem of trying to retrieve anything! In fact, you tend
- to use different drawers to contain information of different kinds and
- these drawers are likely to be divided into sections which may
- themselves be further divided and so on. The point about this is that it
- all takes a little time to plan and set up in the beginning but it is
- worth it in the end because your information can be accessed more
- efficiently.
- 7.7
- Your computer allows you to subdivide your disc rather like the filing
- cabinet above. ‘Directories’ or ‘folders’ (as they are represented on
- screen) can be used to organise whatever you store on a disc. Put a
- formatted floppy disc in your drive and click on the disc drive icon
- with <select>. This will open a directory window on your screen. The
- title bar will say something like ‘ADFS::Title.$’ where ‘Title’ is the
- name you have given the disc. (If you have not given the disc a title,
- it will be given one by the computer, based on the time when the disc
- was formatted.) The ‘$’ indicates that the window is showing you the
- contents of the ‘root’ directory for that disc. The root directory is
- the first level of disc organisation. The terminology is based upon the
- idea of the disc structure being rather like a tree − branches leading
- to smaller sub-branches and so on. The root is the point at which you
- start as you move along the tree to get to your destination on one of
- the branches.
- 7.7
- Now click <menu> with the mouse pointer over the directory window. One
- of the options will be ‘New directory’. Slide the mouse pointer over the
- arrow to the right of that and move it into the window titled ‘Name:’
- that opens − and a red caret will appear. Now type in a name for a new
- directory, say ‘pictures’, and press <return>. A new folder icon will
- appear with the name you have chosen. If you double-click <select> on
- the folder, a window will open showing the contents of your newly
- created directory. Notice that the title bar of this directory shows the
- whole path that you have followed from the root of this particular
- ‘tree’ to the branch you are now on. If you wished, you could create
- other directories inside this one − perhaps you would might want to
- store different types of picture in different directories − and so on. A
- system of nesting directories and sub-directories can make for efficient
- storage and retrieval of information on disc just as it does in a paper-
- based filing system.
- 7.7
- !System, !Scrap and !Fonts
- 7.7
- The whereabouts of these three applications on your disc is very
- important. Firstly, what do they do and secondly where should you put
- them?
- 7.7
- !System contains small sections of program which might be needed by any
- application you use. If the computer needs one of these ‘modules’ as
- they are known, it will need to know where !System is. The first time
- the computer ‘sees’ !System is when a directory window containing it is
- opened. It remembers where it is and afterwards will always look there
- for any modules.
- 7.7
- !Scrap provides a space for the computer to store things temporarily.
- Imagine you are cooking a complicated meal which has resulted in every
- available space in the kitchen being occupied by ingredients, utensils,
- pans, etc. You open the oven and take out a piping hot dish of something
- delicious. At that moment you realise that you forgot to put on the oven
- gloves. You need a place to put that dish down and you need it now!
- Sometimes the computer needs an area of its memory like that − !Scrap
- provides it. As with !System, the computer will remember where !Scrap is
- once it has ‘seen’ it.
- 7.7
- !Fonts is the application which gives you access to different typefaces
- for use in your own work. All your different fonts (typefaces) are
- stored there and so the computer knows where to look if you decide to
- use a different one. Your RISC OS 3 computer actually contains a number
- of fonts already inside the computer itself, stored in a microchip.
- !Fonts is therefore only strictly necessary if you wish to use more than
- these basic typefaces.
- 7.7
- Organising a hard disc
- 7.7
- If you are lucky enough to have a machine with a hard disc, here are
- some tips on how to organise the information on it.
- 7.7
- • Place !System, !Scrap and !Fonts in the root (‘$’) directory of your
- disc. Have no other copies of these three applications anywhere on your
- disc. That way, the computer will always know where to go if it needs
- them and won’t get confused by other such files.
- 7.7
- • Use plenty of directories for your applications and files. If you
- place your word-processor in its own directory and then place all files
- in sub-directories titled according to the kind of file in them, you
- will find life a lot easier. With most word-processors, once the
- computer has seen the application itself then double-clicking <select>
- on one of its files will automatically run the word-processor and load
- the file. By storing files ‘further along a branch’ than the
- application, you will be sure that, by the time you get to a file, the
- computer will have seen the application which you used to create it.
- 7.7
- • This is not really an organisation tip but it cannot be said too often
- − keep backup copies of all your files! The world is divided into two
- groups − those who have accidentally deleted valuable files from a disc
- and those who haven’t... yet! Be warned. Keep a copy of anything
- important on a floppy as well as on your hard disc.
- 7.7
- Organising floppy discs
- 7.7
- The organisation of floppy discs is based around the fact that the
- computer needs to know where to find !System and !Scrap and possibly
- also !Fonts.
- 7.7
- • Have a disc called ‘System’. Keep on it a copy of !System which is to
- be considered your master copy. When you need to update !System (we’ll
- cover this in a future article) then make sure that it is this copy
- which is updated. Always place this disc into the computer after
- switching on and ‘show’ system to the computer by opening a directory
- containing !System.
- 7.7
- • If you use a lot of fonts in your word-processing or other activities,
- have a separate disc with your copy of !Fonts on and show that to the
- computer too once it has seen !System. If you only use the fonts built
- into the machine, this is not necessary. If you only use one or two
- fonts in addition to the basic ones, you could store a copy of !Fonts on
- each of the discs you use for storing files. Double-click on this copy
- of !Fonts to show the computer where to find them.
- 7.7
- • Keep a copy of !Scrap on each working disc you have. When you insert a
- disc to use, double-click on !Scrap before anything else. This tells the
- computer to use that as its temporary storage space rather than asking
- you to insert another disc at times.
- 7.7
- • Because the computer needs to put information into the !Scrap area,
- albeit temporarily, this cannot be on a disc which you have protected
- against being altered.
- 7.7
- Next time we will cover more about discs and organising files, including
- how to move and copy files from one directory or disc to another and how
- to protect individual files against accidental deletion, even though the
- disc as a whole can be altered. A
- 7.7
- Xenon 2 & RoboCod
- 7.7
- Andrew Rawnsley
- 7.7
- I have been ‘beta testing’ these two new releases from GamesWare for
- some time, and it now seems right to start writing the review.
- 7.7
- GamesWare
- 7.7
- As a relatively new games house, GamesWare is trying to make its mark by
- porting-over many of the biggest hits on non-Acorn platforms. Xenon 2
- and RoboCod are available now, and watch out for Simon the Sorcerer,
- Striker and Dune 2 in the near future. By using lots of small teams of
- programmers, GamesWare hopes to be able to keep up its present release
- rate of one game per month.
- 7.7
- Common features
- 7.7
- Each game has been designed to be as close to the original as possible,
- both in presentation and playability. But a neat touch, which looks like
- becoming a GamesWare trademark, is having the games install on the
- iconbar. This is very useful, as I can have a game loaded whilst I write
- this review, and keep swapping back to the game to check my comments.
- 7.7
- All GamesWare releases except Xenon 2 have, and will have, special modes
- for VGA and multisync monitors. These provide more vivid colours, more
- detail and generally much improved graphics for owners of these
- monitors. Naturally, the games work fine with standard monitors − you
- just don’t get the special graphics.
- 7.7
- Xenon 2
- 7.7
- Xenon 2 is a vertically scrolling shoot-‘em-up. Some readers may
- remember that I referred to it in my review of Quark. The Acorn market
- has a lack of decent arcade-style games, but Xenon 2 goes a long way to
- start filling that gap. It’s fast, it’s furious and its got more
- powerups than errr... anything else you care to mention!
- 7.7
- There are one or two player games, but the two player version seems to
- have been tacked on to lengthen the features list. Each player plays
- separately, with their own spaceship, but when one player dies, it’s the
- other player’s turn again.
- 7.7
- Presentation
- 7.7
- The music is one of those things you either love or hate, and your
- grandmother is sure to hate it. To those in the know, it is an excellent
- rendition of Bomb the Bass’ “MegaBlast” and was, I believe, one of the
- first fully-sampled soundtracks to accompany an Amiga game when first
- released. It is noisy, it has a repetitive bass line, but is ideal to
- blast away to. It can, of course, be turned off.
- 7.7
- Graphically, Xenon 2 is second to none. With super animation and highly
- detailed sprites, it is very nice to watch. Mind you, as one of the most
- highly acclaimed games of its genre, you expect high standards of
- presentation.
- 7.7
- Gameplay
- 7.7
- In terms of gameplay, Xenon 2 is fairly typical. You shoot the bad guys
- and collect the cash they leave behind. Sometimes you can pick up extra
- weapons or defence bonuses, and after wasting the traditional end-of-
- section guardian, you can go to the shop to trade in your cash. It’s a
- tried and tested routine, but remember, this is the original, the first
- game ever to offer cash and loads of power-ups.
- 7.7
- One novel feature is that the scenery, instead of damaging your ship, is
- just impassable, leading to some interesting mazes on later levels.
- 7.7
- When at the shop, it is wise to spend up, since the game zeros your cash
- at the start of each level. There’s no economics here − you spend whilst
- you have the chance, and before the game takes it away!
- 7.7
- There are five levels to blast through, each divided into two sections.
- However, by the time you reach the later levels, you have such an
- awesome array of firepower, it becomes a little difficult to die.
- 7.7
- Conclusions
- 7.7
- If you’re one of those people who has been waiting for the arrival of
- quality arcade games on the Acorn platform, then start opening your
- wallet. Xenon 2 is good, very good. However, if you want a good two-
- player implementation, try looking at Oregan’s ‘Quark’ before parting
- with your cash.
- 7.7
- RoboCod
- 7.7
- You may remember James Pond, the underwater secret agent whose original
- capers were released by Krisalis. Well, he’s back, and this time he’s on
- dry land. Actually, its icy ground, because he’s saving the toy factory
- at the North Pole, which has been sabotaged by that devious criminal, Dr
- Maybe.
- 7.7
- As our fishy hero, you must run around the many platforms and levels of
- the factory, defusing penguin bombs and collecting as many bonuses as
- possible.
- 7.7
- RoboCod has a distinct feeling of Zool, but since RoboCod was released
- first, maybe I should have written that the other way round? The
- ‘cuteness’ factor is here in force but, unlike Zool, there is much more
- variety in the levels. You have transport levels, sweet levels and many
- more, but most importantly, you have the jelly level.
- 7.7
- Bonus Sections
- 7.7
- The jelly level is hidden as part of a bonus level, and is possibly the
- highlight of the whole game. When you jump, you can bounce off things,
- and jump higher. By strategic jumping, you can be bouncing between the
- top and bottom of the level at incredible speed.
- 7.7
- There are extra bonus sections and rooms hidden all over the place. They
- take all sorts of forms but try the upside-down screen ones. Wow! Some
- levels have special objects in them which must be used to finish the
- level. You’ll find a plane, a car, some wings, and. . . . a bathtub!?!
- 7.7
- Presentation
- 7.7
- The graphics and sound in Robocod are of a high standard, and the music
- has that most important factor − hummability (?!?) − don’t blame me when
- you start singing in the bath!
- 7.7
- The graphics, as stated earlier, are very cute and colourful, and with
- the special VGA mode, appealed to me a lot.
- 7.7
- Suggestions
- 7.7
- Since this game is very large, 2500 screens, I would have liked to see
- passwords or a save-game option, but this is a fault of the original.
- Still, it would be good to see GamesWare taking note of some of the
- comments of reviewers of the original PC and Amiga versions, and making
- improvements to the games for the Acorn market.
- 7.7
- Conclusions
- 7.7
- Again, RoboCod is a first class game and despite the small criticism
- mentioned above, I can recommend it highly. Mind you, watch out for the
- 4096 colour background raster bars − don’t study them for too long or Mr
- Pond might lose one of his valuable lives! A
- 7.7
- There are quite a number of articles that wouldn’t fit in this issue so
- they will be published in a later issue. They include an interesting
- article on Mixing High & Low Level Languages plus reviews of: 10 out of
- 10 Statistics; AIM3; Artworks Made Easy; Basic Programmer’s Toolkit;
- Celtic and Church Year clipart; Chemistry; Choices; Cowboys; Creator;
- DataVision; DeskEdit 3; EasyFont; First Logo; Game Maker’s Manual;
- Kerner & Kernall; Keyboard Trainer; Materials, Components & Techniques;
- Molecular Modelling; MouseTrap; Numerator work cards; Observess expert
- system shell; Opening Doors on IT; Optical OCR; Oxford Reading Tree
- Talking Stories; Party, Wedding & Anniversary Clipart; Phases à la
- Français; Punctuate; Sea, Trade & Empire; Small Steps; Soapbox; Tiles;
- Time Detectives Victorians; TOM computer trainer. (34 articles)
- 7.7
-
-